446 research outputs found
Operator ordering and causality
It is shown that causality violations [M. de Haan, Physica 132A, 375, 397
(1985)], emerging when the conventional definition of the time-normal operator
ordering [P.L.Kelley and W.H.Kleiner, Phys.Rev. 136, A316 (1964)] is taken
outside the rotating wave approximation, disappear when the amended definition
[L.P. and S.S., Annals of Physics, 323, 1989 (2008)] of this ordering is used.Comment: References update
Statistics of Velocity from Spectral Data: Modified Velocity Centroids
We address the problem of studying interstellar turbulence using spectral
line data. We find a criterion when the velocity centroids may provide
trustworthy velocity statistics. To enhance the scope of centroids
applications, we construct a measure that we term ``modified velocity
centroids'' (MVCs) and derive an analytical solution that relates the 2D
spectra of the modified centroids with the underlying 3D velocity spectrum. We
test our results using synthetic maps constructed with data obtained through
simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence. We show
that the modified velocity centroids (MVCs) are complementary to the the
Velocity Channel Analysis (VCA) technique. Employed together, they make
determining of the velocity spectral index more reliable and for wider variety
of astrophysical situations.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. minor
change
Gauss sum factorization with cold atoms
We report the first implementation of a Gauss sum factorization algorithm by
an internal state Ramsey interferometer using cold atoms. A sequence of
appropriately designed light pulses interacts with an ensemble of cold rubidium
atoms. The final population in the involved atomic levels determines a Gauss
sum. With this technique we factor the number N=263193.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Trajectories of self-rated health before and after retirement: evidence from two cohort studies
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have produced conflicting findings on the health consequences of retirement. We aimed at identifying trajectories of self-rated health over retirement transition using repeated measurements and examined which preretirement factors predicted membership to each trajectory. METHODS: The study population consisted of Finnish public sector employees from two independent cohorts (Finnish Public Sector Study (FPS), n=5776 with a 4-year follow-up interval; and Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA), n=2796 with a 1-year follow-up interval). Both cohorts included assessment of self-rated health one to three times before and one to three times after retirement (average number of measurement points: 3.7 in FPS and 3.5 in FIREA). We used latent trajectory analysis to identify trajectories of self-rated health. RESULTS: In both cohorts four similar trajectories were identified: 'Sustained good health' (47% in FPS and 74% in FIREA), 'From good to suboptimal health' (19% and 6%), 'From suboptimal to good health' (14% and 8%) and 'Sustained suboptimal health' (20% and 12%). There were more women and persons in high occupational status in the 'From suboptimal to good health' trajectory group when compared with 'Sustained suboptimal health' trajectory group in FPS. Those in the trajectory 'From good to suboptimal health' had lower occupational status and higher job strain in comparison with those in the 'Sustained good health' trajectory in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of public sector employees maintain their perceived health status during retirement transition. Adverse trajectory in self-rated health relate to low occupational status and work-related stressors
Diet quality as a predictor of cardiometabolic disease-free life expectancy: the Whitehall II cohort study
Background: Poor diet quality has been linked to increased risk of
many chronic diseases and premature mortality. Less research has
considered dietary habits in relation to disease-free life expectancy.
Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the association of diet
quality with cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy between
ages 50 and 85 y.
Methods: Diet quality of 8041 participants of the Whitehall II
cohort study was assessed with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index
2010 (AHEI-2010) in 1991–1994, 1997–1999, and 2002–2004. The
measurement of diet quality closest to age 50 for each participant
was used. We utilized repeat measures of cardiometabolic disease
(coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes) from the first
observation when participants were aged ≥50 y. Multistate life table
models with covariates age, gender, occupational position, smoking,
physical activity, and alcohol consumption were used to estimate
total and sex-specific cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy
from age 50 to 85 y for each AHEI-2010 quintile, where the lowest
quintile represents unhealthiest dietary habits and the highest quintile
the healthiest habits.
Results: The number of cardiometabolic disease–free life-years after
age 50 was 23.9 y (95% CI: 23.0, 24.9 y) for participants with
the healthiest diet, that is, a higher score on the AHEI-2010, and
21.4 y (95% CI: 20.6, 22.3 y) for participants with the unhealthiest
diet. The association between diet quality and cardiometabolic
disease–free life expectancy followed a dose–response pattern and
was observed in subgroups of participants of different occupational
position, BMI, physical activity level, and smoking habit, as well as
when participants without cardiometabolic disease at baseline were
excluded from analyses.
Conclusions: Healthier dietary habits are associated with cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy between ages 50 and 85
Change in Job Strain as a Predictor of Change in Insomnia Symptoms: Analyzing Observational Data as a Non-randomized Pseudo-Trial
Study objectives: To examine whether change in job strain leads to change in insomnia symptoms.
Methods: Among 24873 adults (82% women, mean age 44 years) who participated in a minimum of three consecutive study waves (2000–2012), job strain was assessed at the first and second wave and insomnia symptoms at all three waves. We analyzed observational data as a “pseudo-trial” including participants with no job strain in the first wave and no insomnia symptoms in the first and second wave (n = 7354) to examine whether the onset of job strain between the first and second waves predicted the onset of insomnia symptoms in the third wave. We used a corresponding approach, including those with job strain in the first wave and insomnia symptoms in the first and second wave (n = 2332), to examine whether the disappearance of job strain between the first two waves predicted remission of insomnia symptoms in the third wave.
Results: The onset of job strain predicted the onset of subsequent insomnia symptoms after adjustment for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and comorbidities (odds ratio compared to no onset of job strain 1.32, 95% CI 1.16–1.51). The disappearance of job strain was associated with lower odds of repeated insomnia symptoms (odds ratio compared to no disappearance of job strain 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.94). Further adjustment for shift work or sleep apnea did not change these associations.
Conclusions: These results suggest that job strain is a modifiable risk factor for insomnia symptoms
Quantum statistics of atoms in microstructures
This paper proposes groove-like potential structures for the observation of
quantum information processing by trapped particles. As an illustration the
effect of quantum statistics at a 50-50 beam splitter is investigated. For
non-interacting particles we regain the results known from photon experiments,
but we have found that particle interactions destroy the perfect bosonic
correlations. Fermions avoid each other due to the exclusion principle and
hence they are far less sensitive to particle interactions. For bosons, the
behavior can be explained with simple analytic considerations which predict a
certain amount of universality. This is verified by detailed numerical
calculations.Comment: 18 pages incl. 13 figure
Adiabatic transfer of light in a double cavity and the optical Landau-Zener problem
We analyze the evolution of an electromagnetic field inside a double cavity
when the difference in length between the two cavities is changed, e.g. by
translating the common mirror. We find that this allows photons to be moved
deterministically from one cavity to the other. We are able to obtain the
conditions for adiabatic transfer by first mapping the Maxwell wave equation
for the electric field onto a Schroedinger-like wave equation, and then using
the Landau-Zener result for the transition probability at an avoided crossing.
Our analysis reveals that this mapping only rigorously holds when the two
cavities are weakly coupled (i.e. in the regime of a highly reflective common
mirror), and that, generally speaking, care is required when attempting a
hamiltonian description of cavity electrodynamics with time-dependent boundary
conditions.Comment: 24 pages, 18 figures. Version 2 includes a new section (Sec. VIII) on
the regimes of validity of the Schroedinger-like equations and also of the
adiabatic approximation, together with a new figure (Fig. 10). The discussion
section (Sec. XI) has also been enhance
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