Virtualni i empirijski uvod u modernizaciju zemljišne evidencije

The land record modernisation is vital for nations under developing economy. The modernisation of land records is tedious process. The written part of the cadastre is modified with ease by use of computers. The map portion of the cadastre is critical for modernisation. The land record modernisation with two procedures and their associated enigma is analysed in this paper. The predominant source of error while performing overlay analysis with digitised land records on satellite images is land slope and the limiting land slope of 8° 15\u27 00\u27\u27 is recommended through virtual analysis. The empirical analysis identified the land area suitable for total station or chain survey. The land area less than 900 m2 requires chain survey and land area greater than 900 m2 requires total station survey. The crucial part of land record modernisation is to identify errors and error sources to create reliable land record to cater needs of land under current development zone. The land under future development zone needs to be segregated to identify suitable area for total station or chain surveying.Modernizacija zemljišne evidencije važna je za nacije s gospodarstvom u razvoju. Modernizacija zemljišne evidencije težak je proces. Pisani dio katastra lako se modificira uz pomoć računala. Grafički dio katastra kritičan je u pogledu modernizacije. U ovom radu analizirana je modernizacija zemljišne evidencije kroz dva postupka i s njima povezanu enigmu. Prevladavajući izvor pogrešaka prilikom analize preklapanja s digitaliziranim zemljišnim podacima na satelitskim snimkama je nagib zemljišta te se preporuča ograničavajući nagib zemljišta od 8° 15\u27 00\u27\u27 kroz virtualnu analizu. Empirijskom analizom utvrđuje se površina zemljišta primjerena za izmjeru geodetskom mjernom stanicom ili lancem. Površina zemljišta manja od 900 m2 zahtijeva izmjeru lancem, a površina zemljišta veća od 900 m2 zahtijeva izmjeru geodetskom mjernom stanicom. Ključni dio modernizacije zemljišne evidencije odnosi se na utvrđivanje pogrešaka i izvora pogrešaka kako bi se izradila pouzdana evidencija zemljišta u svrhu zadovoljavanja potreba zemljišta u trenutnoj zoni razvoja. Zemljište u budućoj zoni razvoja treba biti izdvojeno kako bi se utvrdile odgovarajuće površine za izmjeru geodetskom mjernom stanicom ili lancem

Digitalna katastarska izmjera za identifikaciju prisvajanja zemljišta primjenom prostornih tehnologija

Digital Cadastral Surveying is the need of present and future generations. The invention of Computer has revamped the face of the world dynamically. Every day in our life is digitalised and with out computers the world could not perform efficiently. The Computers, Satellite images, Aerial digital images could be efficaciously used in the creation of new experimental methodologies for Cadastral Surveying. Land records are obtained by Cadastral Surveying, which in turn provides the cornerstone for Land Use Planning. Land Use planning is influenced by many factors directly and indirectly. Land encroachment is found to be one of the direct factors affecting Land Use Planning. The Land Encroachments are identified by digitisation and overlaying analysis using standard GIS software, GPS Equipments for obtaining Ground Control Points, with Satellite images and Aerial images combined with conventional land records available with the Government Authority. Disquisition of Land encroachment is undertaken in this paper, to find the encroachment and its types. The problems involved in the encroachments, their detrimental effects on country’s growth are considered while formation of methodology to the serve the purpose of its creation. Pros and Cons of the technology is known from the work and explained. This is a Research application requiring hybridization of technologies to obtain high quality spatial surveying products.Digitalna katastarska izmjera potreba je sadašnjih i budućih generacija. Pojava računala promijenila je u dinamičkom smislu cijeli svijet. Bez digitalnih uređaja i bez računala svijet ne može učinkovito funkcionirati. Računala, satelitske i zračne digitalne snimke mogu se učinkovito upotrebljavati u kreiranju novih eksperimentalnih metoda katastarske izmjere. Podaci u zemljišnim knjigama dobiveni su katastarskom izmjerom, što nam osigurava temeljne podatke za planiranje i upotrebu zemljišta. Planiranje upotrebe zemljišta pod utjecajem je brojnih čimbenika, izravno i neizravno. Prisvajanje zemljišta moguće je identificirati digitalizacijom i razlikovnom analizom pomoću standardnih GIS softvera, uz upotrebu GPS uređaja, satelitskih i aerofotogrametrijskih snimki u kombinaciji s uobičajenim podacima iz zemljišnih knjiga. Rasprava u ovom radu provodi se u svrhu otkrivanja vrsta i tipova prisvajanja zemljišta. Razmatraju se problemi koji nastaju zbog prisvajanja te njihovi štetni utjecaji na državu koja ima tendenciju rasta i širenja, kao i definiranje metodologije koja služi njezinom stvaranju. Prednosti i nedostaci takve tehnologije objašnjeni su u radu. Primjena istraživanja zahtijeva hibridnu tehnologiju za dobivanje visoko kvalitetnih rezultata

Isoniazid-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 RV: uptake of isoniazid and the properties of NADase inhibitor

Six independent isoniazid-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated under conditions which largely ensured the selection of one-step mutants. The properties of these mutants with respect to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nucleosidase (NADase) inhibitor, isoniazid uptake and peroxidase activity were studied. The uptake of isoniazid by the mutants and their sensitivity to isoniazid were increased by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and sodium dodecylsulphate. It is suggested that EDTA and sodium dodecylsulphate bring about these effects by altering the cell permeability

Canonical representation for electrons and its application to the Hubbard model

A new representation for electrons is introduced, in which the electron operators are written in terms of a spinless fermion and the Pauli operators. This representation is canonical, invertible and constraint-free. Importantly, it simplifies the Hubbard interaction. On a bipartite lattice, the Hubbard model is reduced to a form in which the exchange interaction emerges simply by decoupling the Pauli subsystem from the spinless fermion bath. This exchange correctly reproduces the large $U$ superexchange. Also derived, for $U=\pm\infty$, is the Hamiltonian to study Nagaoka ferromagnetism. In this representation, the infinite-$U$ Hubbard problem becomes elegant and easier to handle. Interestingly, the ferromagnetism in Hubbard model is found to be related to the gauge invariance of the spinless fermions. Generalization of this representation for the multicomponent fermions, a new representation for bosons, the notion of a `soft-core' fermion, and some interesting unitary transformations are introduced and discussed in the appendices.Comment: 10+ pages, 3 Figure

Zero Temperature Insulator-Metal Transition in Doped Manganites

We study the transition at T=0 from a ferromagnetic insulating to a ferromagnetic metallic phase in manganites as a function of hole doping using an effective low-energy model Hamiltonian proposed by us recently. The model incorporates the quantum nature of the dynamic Jahn-Teller(JT) phonons strongly coupled to orbitally degenerate electrons as well as strong Coulomb correlation effects and leads naturally to the coexistence of localized (JT polaronic) and band-like electronic states. We study the insulator-metal transition as a function of doping as well as of the correlation strength U and JT gain in energy E_{JT}, and find, for realistic values of parameters, a ground state phase diagram in agreement with experiments. We also discuss how several other features of manganites as well as differences in behaviour among manganites can be understood in terms of our model.Comment: To be published in Europhysics Letter

Magnetic and transport properties of Pr2Pt3Si5

We have investigated the magnetic and transport properties of a polycrystalline Pr2Pt3Si5 sample through the dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements. The Rietveld refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction data reveals that Pr2Pt3Si5 crystallizes in the U2Co3Si5-type orthorhombic structure (space group Ibam). Both the dc and ac magnetic susceptibility data measured at low fields exhibit sharp anomaly near 15 K. In contrast, the specific heat data exhibit only a broad anomaly implying no long range magnetic order down to 2 K. The broad Schottky-type anomaly in low temperature specific heat data is interpreted in terms of crystal electric field (CEF) effect, and a CEF-split singlet ground state is inferred. The absence of the long range order is attributed to the presence of nonmagnetic singlet ground state of the Pr3+ ion. The electrical resistivity data exhibit metallic behavior and are well described by the Bloch-Gr\"uniesen-Mott relation.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure