17,856 research outputs found
The X-ray Evolution of Merging Galaxies
We present here the first study of the X-ray properties of an evolutionary
sample of merging galaxies. Both ROSAT PSPC and HRI data are presented for a
sample of eight interacting galaxy systems, each believed to involve a similar
encounter between two spiral discs of approximately equal size. The mergers
span a large range in age, from completely detached to fully merged systems. A
great deal of interesting X-ray structure is seen, and the X-ray properties of
each individual system are discussed in detail. Along the merging sequence,
several trends are evident: in the case of several of the infrared bright
systems, the diffuse emission is very extended, and appears to arise from
material ejected from the galaxies. The onset of this process seems to occur
very soon after the galaxies first encounter one another, and these ejections
soon evolve into distorted flows. More massive extensions (perhaps involving up
to 1e10 solar masses of hot gas) are seen at the `ultraluminous' peak of the
interaction, as the galactic nuclei coalesce. The amplitude of the evolution of
the X-ray emission through a merger is markedly different from that of the
infrared and radio emission however, and this, we believe, may well be linked
with the large extensions of hot gas observed. The late, relaxed remnants,
appear relatively devoid of gas, and possess an X-ray halo very different from
that of typical ellipticals, a problem for the `merger hypothesis', whereby the
merger of two disc galaxies results in an elliptical galaxy. However, these
systems are still relatively young in terms of total merger lifetime, and they
may still have a few Gyr of evolution to go through, before they resemble
typical elliptical galaxies.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRA
Fano-Kondo effect in a two-level system with triple quantum dots: shot noise characteristics
We theoretically compare transport properties of Fano-Kondo effect with those
of Fano effect. We focus on shot noise characteristics of a triple quantum dot
(QD) system in the Fano-Kondo region at zero temperature, and discuss the
effect of strong electric correlation in QDs. We found that the modulation of
the Fano dip is strongly affected by the on-site Coulomb interaction in QDs.Comment: 4 pages, 6figure
Fractionalization and confinement in the U(1) and gauge theories of strongly correlated systems
Recently, we have elucidated the physics of electron fractionalization in
strongly interacting electron systems using a gauge theory formulation.
Here we discuss the connection with the earlier U(1) gauge theory approaches
based on the slave boson mean field theory. In particular, we identify the
relationship between the holons and Spinons of the slave-boson theory and the
true physical excitations of the fractionalized phases that are readily
described in the approach.Comment: 4 page
Signatures of the Milky Way's Dark Disk in Current and Future Experiments
In hierarchical structure formation models of disk galaxies, a dark matter
disk forms as massive satellites are preferentially dragged into the disk-plane
where they dissolve. Here, we quantify the importance of this dark disk for
direct and indirect dark matter detection. The low velocity of the dark disk
with respect to the Earth enhances detection rates in direct detection
experiments at low recoil energy. For WIMP masses M_{WIMP} >~ 50 GeV, the
detection rate increases by up to a factor of 3 in the 5 - 20 keV recoil energy
range. Comparing this with rates at higher energy is sensitive to M_{WIMP},
providing stronger mass constraints particularly for M_{WIMP}>~100 GeV. The
annual modulation signal is significantly boosted by the dark disk and the
modulation phase is shifted by ~3 weeks relative to the dark halo. The
variation of the observed phase with recoil energy determines M_{WIMP}, once
the dark disk properties are fixed by future astronomical surveys. The low
velocity of the particles in the dark disk with respect to the solar system
significantly enhances the capture rate of WIMPs in the Sun, leading to an
increased flux of neutrinos from the Sun which could be detected in current and
future neutrino telescopes. The dark disk contribution to the muon flux from
neutrino back conversion at the Earth is increased by a factor of ~5 compared
to the SHM, for rho_d/rho_h=0.5.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, To appear in the proceedings of Identification of
Dark Matter 2008 (IDM2008), Stockholm, 18-22 August 2008; corrected one
referenc
The X-ray properties of the merging galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 - the Antennae
We report the results of an X-ray spectral imaging observation of the
Antennae with the ROSAT PSPC. 55% of the soft X-ray flux from the system is
resolved into discrete sources, including components identified with the
galactic nuclei and large HII regions, whilst the remainder appears to be
predominantly genuinely diffuse emission from gas at a temperature ~4x10^6 K.
The morphology of the emission is unusual, combining a halo which envelopes the
galactic discs, with what appears to be a distorted, but well-collimated
bipolar outflow. We derive physical parameters for the hot gas in both diffuse
components, which are of some interest, given that the Antennae probably
represents an elliptical galaxy in the making.Comment: 15 pages plus 9 figures, uuencoded encapsulated postscript file.
Accepted for publication in MNRA
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