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Not AvailableIn India, among the nine oilseed crops, groundnut ranks third in area and production (5.33 Mha and 7.40 M tonnes) after soybean and rapeseed and mustard, but second in productivity (1374 kg/ha) next only to castor (average of 2010-11 to 2013-14, IIOR). However, productivity of groundnut in India is much lower when compared with USA (4537kg/ha), China (3573kg/ha) and world average (~1700 kg/ha). Cultivation of groundnut in less fertile soils under rainfed conditions, lack of proper management practices like non-adoption of good quality seed of varieties recommended for the region, optimum plant stand, plant nutrition, plant protection measures, harvest losses in heavy soils, less favourable climatic conditions etc. are among the major reasons for low yield of groundnut in India. Gujarat has largest area and production of groundnut in India, but yield levels are moderate mainly due to unsuitability of soil, and moisture deficit stress at different growing stages of crop. To exacerbate these effects, climatic variabilities are becoming increasingly conspicuous mainly in the form of unpredictable rain pattern and temperature regimes affecting groundnut yield in the country. This underlines the need to make available suitable technologies to the farmers to make production systems climate resilient. With the sincere efforts of scientists, technicians and field staff a number of technologies have been developed in the country which are helpful in minimizing the adverse impacts of climate variabilities on groundnut. Besides, farmers also follow innovative approaches based on their experiences and local conditions. There is need to bring together this important information and make available to farming community through all means of extension. With this objective, authors have attempted to bring together scattered pieces of knowledge on the subject in the form of this technical bulletin. Hope it will be useful to the farmers in their efforts for sustainable intensification of groundnut based cropping systems in the country in the face of ever increasing evident climate variabilities.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableConservation Agriculture (CA), based on the interlinked principle of minimum mechanical disturbance, soil cover with crop residues/ cover crops, and diversified crop rotations. Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Groundnut- Wheat system, Groundnut+ Pigeon pea and Groundnut+cotton inter-cropping systems and benefits of conservation agriculture are explained.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEvery technology or interference in the natural ecosystem has its own side effect; from last half a century we are using the pesticides and herbicides indiscriminately to raise the crop production, but now its ill effect visible for us. Story of Malwa region of Punjab (cancer belt) and Kerala’s endosulfan tragedy are epitome example of it. Now we achieve the self-sufficiency in food grain production our next motto to serve healthy food to people. We are looking for alternative nature based chemical free farming and that is organic farming. It also helps to get the premium price by exporting the chemical free agriculture commodity to the developed countries, day by day demand for healthy and residue free food increase all over the world as well as country itself. People are now ready to pay extra amount if they are ensured that they are purchasing geniunely raised food through natural system. Thus strengthening the certification process in country is must.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableConservation agriculture (CA)-based practices have been promoted and recouped, as they hold the potential to enhance farm profits besides a consistent improvement in soil properties. A 7 years’ field experiment consisting of three crop establishment practices viz., zero-till flatbed (ZTFB), permanent beds (PNB), conventional system (CT) along with the three-nutrient management; nutrient expertbased application (NE), recommended fertilization (RDF), and farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP), was carried out from 2013 to 2020. The CA-based practices (ZTFB/PNB) produced 13.9–17.6% greater maize grain-equivalent yield (MGEY) compared to the CT, while NE and RDF had 10.7–20% greater MGEY than the FFP. PNB and ZTFB gave 28.8% and 24% additional net returns than CT, while NE and RDF had 22.8% and 17.4% greater returns, respectively over FFP. PNB and ZTFB had 2.3–4.1% (0.0–0.20 m soil layers) lower bulk density than the CT. Furthermore, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increased by 8–19% (0.0–0.50 m soil layers) in ZTFB/PNB over the CT, and by 7.6–11.0% in NE/RDF over FFP. Hence, CA-based crop establishment coupled with the NE or RDF could enhance the yields, farm profits, soil properties of the maize–chickpea rotation, thereby, could sustain production in the long run.Not Availabl