6,211 research outputs found
The gene expression profile of preclinical autoimmune arthritis and its modulation by a tolerogenic disease-protective antigenic challenge
Hierarchy of measurement-induced Fisher information for composite states
Quantum Fisher information, as an intrinsic quantity for quantum states, is a
central concept in quantum detection and estimation. When quantum measurements
are performed on quantum states, classical probability distributions arise,
which in turn lead to classical Fisher information. In this article, we exploit
the classical Fisher information induced by quantum measurements, and reveal a
rich hierarchical structure of such measurement-induced Fisher information. We
establish a general framework for the distribution and transfer of the Fisher
information. In particular, we illustrate three extremal distribution types of
the Fisher information: the locally owned type, the locally inaccessible type,
and the fully shared type. Furthermore, we indicate the significant role played
by the distribution and flow of the Fisher information in some physical
problems, e.g., the non-Markovianity of open quantum processes, the
environment-assisted metrology, the cloning and broadcasting, etc.Comment: 6 page
The Deuterium Abundance at z=0.701 towards QSO 1718+4807
We present constraints on the deuterium to hydrogen ratio (D/H) in the
metal-poor gas cloud at redshift towards QSO 1718+4807. We use new
Keck spectra in addition to Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and International
Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra. We use an improved redshift and a lower \HI
column density to model the absorption. The HST spectrum shows an asymmetric
Lyman- (\lya) feature which is produced by either \HI at a second
velocity, or a high abundance of D. Three models with a single simple H+D
component give (95%), a much
larger range than reported by Webb et al (1997a,b). A more sophisticated
velocity distribution, or a second component is necessary for lower D/H. With
two components, which could be a part of one absorbing structure, or separate
clouds in a galaxy halo, we find . We do not know if
this second component is present, but it is reasonable because 40 -- 100% of
absorption systems with similar redshifts and \HI column densities have more
than one component.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journal (Jan 1999
Twist-3 Distribute Amplitude of the Pion in QCD Sum Rules
We apply the background field method to calculate the moments of the pion
two-particles twist-3 distribution amplitude (DA) in QCD sum
rules. In this paper,we do not use the equation of motion for the quarks inside
the pion since they are not on shell and introduce a new parameter to
be determined. We get the parameter in this approach. If
assuming the expansion of in the series in Gegenbauer polynomials
, one can obtain its approximate expression which can be
determined by its first few moments.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Optical implementation of continuous-variable quantum cloning machines
We propose an optical implementation of the Gaussian continuous-variable
quantum cloning machines. We construct a symmetric N -> M cloner which
optimally clones coherent states and we also provide an explicit design of an
asymmetric 1 -> 2 cloning machine. All proposed cloning devices can be built
from just a single non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier and several beam
splitters.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTe
Modeling meteorite craters by impacting melted tin on sand
To simulate the heated exterior of a meteorite, we impact a granular bed with
melted tin. The morphology of tin remnant and crater is found to be sensitive
to the temperature and solidification of tin. By employing deep learning and
convolutional neural network, we can quantify and map the complex impact
patterns onto network systems based on feature maps and Grad-CAM results. This
gives us unprecedented details on how the projectile deforms and interacts with
the granules, which information can be used to trace the development of
different remnant shapes. Furthermore, full dynamics of granular system is
revealed by the use of Particle Image Velocimetry. Kinetic energy, temperature
and diameter of the projectile are used to build phase diagrams for the
morphology of both crater and tin remnant. In addition to successfully
reproducing key features of simple and complex craters, we are able to detect a
possible artifact when compiling crater data from field studies. The depth of
craters from high-energy impacts in our work is found to be independent of
their width. However, when mixing data from different energy, temperature and
diameter of projectile, a bogus power-law relationship appears between them.
Like other controlled laboratory researches, our conclusions have the potential
to benefit the study of paint in industry and asteroid sampling missions on the
surface of celestial bodies.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations in China: a retrospective survey.
BACKGROUND: The seasonal influenza vaccine coverage rate in China is only 1.9 %. There is no information available on the economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations at the national level, even though this kind of information is important for informing national-level immunization policy decision-making. METHODS: A retrospective telephone survey was conducted in 2013/14 to estimate the direct and indirect costs of seasonal influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from a societal perspective. Study participants were laboratory-confirmed cases registered in the National Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance Network in China in 2013. Patient-reported costs from the survey were validated by a review of hospital accounts for a small sample of the inpatients. RESULTS: The study enrolled 529 outpatients (median age: eight years; interquartile range [IQR]: five to 20 years) and 254 inpatients (median age: four years; IQR: two to seven years). Among the outpatients, 22.1 % (117/529) had underlying diseases and among the inpatients, 52.8 % (134/254) had underlying diseases. The average total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient visits and inpatient visits were US 122) and US 1,465), respectively. Direct medical costs accounted for 45 and 69 % of the total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits, respectively. For influenza outpatients, the mean cost per episode in children aged below five years (US 129-153). For influenza inpatients, the mean cost per episode in adults aged over 60 years (US 1,417-1,621). Patients with underlying medical conditions had higher costs per episode than patients without underlying medical conditions (outpatients: US 146; inpatients: US 1,189). In the baseline analysis, inpatients reported costs were 18 % higher than those found in the accounts review (n = 38). CONCLUSION: The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits in China is substantial, particularly for young children, the elderly, and patients with underlying medical conditions. More widespread influenza vaccination would likely alleviate the economic burden of patients. The actual impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of the influenza immunization program in China merits further investigation
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