563 research outputs found
Universal correlations of trapped one-dimensional impenetrable bosons
We calculate the asymptotic behaviour of the one body density matrix of
one-dimensional impenetrable bosons in finite size geometries. Our approach is
based on a modification of the Replica Method from the theory of disordered
systems. We obtain explicit expressions for oscillating terms, similar to
fermionic Friedel oscillations. These terms are universal and originate from
the strong short-range correlations between bosons in one dimension.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. Published versio
Finite one dimensional impenetrable Bose systems: Occupation numbers
Bosons in the form of ultra cold alkali atoms can be confined to a one
dimensional (1d) domain by the use of harmonic traps. This motivates the study
of the ground state occupations of effective single particle states
, in the theoretical 1d impenetrable Bose gas. Both the system on a
circle and the harmonically trapped system are considered. The and
are the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions respectively of the one body
density matrix. We present a detailed numerical and analytic study of this
problem. Our main results are the explicit scaled forms of the density
matrices, from which it is deduced that for fixed the occupations
are asymptotically proportional to in both the circular
and harmonically trapped cases.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures (.eps), uses REVTeX
Simulation Modelling of Inequality in Cancer Service Access
This paper applies economic concepts from measuring income inequality to an
exercise in assessing spatial inequality in cancer service access in regional
areas. We propose a mathematical model for accessing chemotherapy among local
government areas (LGAs). Our model incorporates a distance factor. With a
simulation we report results for a single inequality measure: the Lorenz curve
is depicted for our illustrative data. We develop this approach in order to
move incrementally towards its application to actual data and real-world health
service regions. We seek to develop the exercises that can lead policy makers
to relevant policy information on the most useful data collections to be
collected and modeling for cancer service access in regional areas.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Longitudinal patterns in an Arkansas River Valley stream: an Application of the River Continuum Concept
The River Continuum Concept (RCC) provides the framework for studying how lotic ecosystems vary from headwater streams to large rivers. The RCC was developed in streams in eastern deciduous forests of North America, but watershed characteristics and land uses differ across ecoregions, presenting unique opportunities to study how predictions of the RCC may differ across regions. Additionally, RCC predictions may vary due to the influence of fishes, but few studies have used fish taxa as a metric for evaluating predictions of the RCC. Our goal was to determine if RCC predictions for stream orders 1 through 5 were supported by primary producer, macroinvertebrate, and fish communities in Cadron Creek of the Arkansas River Valley. We sampled chlorophyll a, macroinvertebrates, and fishes at five stream reaches across a gradient of watershed size. Contrary to RCC predictions, chlorophyll a did not increase in concentration with catchment size. As the RCC predicts, fish and macroinvertebrate diversity increased with catchment size. Shredding and collecting macroinvertebrate taxa supported RCC predictions, respectively decreasing and increasing in composition as catchment area increased. Herbivorous and predaceous fish did not follow RCC predictions; however, surface-water column feeding fish were abundant at all sites as predicted. We hypothesize some predictions of the RCC were not supported in headwater reaches of this system due to regional differences in watershed characteristics and altered resource availability due to land use surrounding sampling sites
Absence of Edge Localized Moments in the Doped Spin-Peierls System CuGeSiO
We report the observation of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of Cu from
the sites near the doping center in the spin-Peierls system
CuGeSiO. The signal appears as the satellites in the Cu NQR
spectrum, and has a suppressed nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate indicative
of a singlet correlation rather than an enhanced magnetic correlation near the
doping center. Signal loss of Cu nuclei with no neighboring Si is also
observed. We conclude from these observations that the doping-induced moments
are not in the vicinity of the doping center but rather away from it.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Gravitational lensing: a unique probe of dark matter and dark energy
I review the development of gravitational lensing as a powerful tool of the observational cosmologist. After the historic eclipse expedition organized by Arthur Eddington and Frank Dyson, the subject lay observationally dormant for 60 years. However, subsequent progress has been astonishingly rapid, especially in the past decade, so that gravitational lensing now holds the key to unravelling the two most profound mysteries of our Universeâthe nature and distribution of dark matter, and the origin of the puzzling cosmic acceleration first identified in the late 1990s. In this non-specialist review, I focus on the unusual history and achievements of gravitational lensing and its future observational prospects
The Quantum Adiabatic Approximation and the Geometric Phase
A precise definition of an adiabaticity parameter of a time-dependent
Hamiltonian is proposed. A variation of the time-dependent perturbation theory
is presented which yields a series expansion of the evolution operator
with being at least of
the order . In particular corresponds to the
adiabatic approximation and yields Berry's adiabatic phase. It is shown that
this series expansion has nothing to do with the -expansion of
. It is also shown that the non-adiabatic part of the evolution
operator is generated by a transformed Hamiltonian which is off-diagonal in the
eigenbasis of the initial Hamiltonian. Some related issues concerning the
geometric phase are also discussed.Comment: uuencoded LaTeX file, 19 page
Talbot Oscillations and Periodic Focusing in a One-Dimensional Condensate
An exact theory for the density of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate
with hard core particle interactions is developed in second quantization and
applied to the scattering of the condensate by a spatially periodic impulse
potential. The boson problem is mapped onto a system of free fermions obeying
the Pauli exclusion principle to facilitate the calculation. The density
exhibits a spatial focusing of the probability density as well as a periodic
self-imaging in time, or Talbot effect. Furthermore, the transition from single
particle to many body effects can be measured by observing the decay of the
modulated condensate density pattern in time. The connection of these results
to classical and atom optical phase gratings is made explicit
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