Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami

The 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (05:46:24 UTC) involved a massive rupture of the plate‐boundary fault along which the Pacific plate thrusts under northeastern Honshu, Japan. It was the fourth‐largest recorded earthquake, with seismic‐moment estimates of 3–5×10^(22)  N•m (M_w 9.0). The event produced widespread strong ground shaking in northern Honshu; in some locations ground accelerations exceeded 2g. Rupture extended ∼200  km along dip, spanning the entire width of the seismogenic zone from the Japan trench to below the Honshu coastline, and the aftershock‐zone length extended ∼500  km along strike of the subduction zone. The average fault slip over the entire rupture area was ∼10  m, but some estimates indicate ∼25  m of slip located around the hypocentral region and extraordinary slip of up to 60–80 m in the shallow megathrust extending to the trench. The faulting‐generated seafloor deformation produced a devastating tsunami that resulted in 5–10‐km inundation of the coastal plains, runup of up to 40 m along the Sanriku coastline, and catastrophic failure of the backup power systems at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, which precipitated a reactor meltdown and radiation release. About 18,131 lives appear to have been lost, 2829 people are still missing, and 6194 people were injured (as reported 28 September 2012 by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan) and over a half million were displaced, mainly due to the tsunami impact on coastal towns, where tsunami heights significantly exceeded harbor tsunami walls and coastal berms

Preparação de l-carvona a partir de d-limoneno.

A l-carvona foi obtida a partir de d-limoneno, utilizando-se reação em três etapas: transformação do d-limoneno e nitrosocloreto de d-limoneno; conversão do nitrosocloreto de d-limoneno em l-carvoxima; hidrólise da l-carvoxima em l-carvona e purifricação de l-carvona por destilação a vácuo. A contribuição mais significativa do presente processo em relação aos existentes é ter sido feita a deidrocloração do nitrosocloreto de d-limoneno sem o uso de bases, procedendo-se a um aquecimento controlado (52 a 56oC) do comosto em solvente adequado, preferivelmente etanol. O rendimento líquido da tansformação do d-limoneno foi de 38 a 49% e o produto final satisfaz as especificações para o uso comercial, inclusive quanto às características de odor e sabor.bitstream/item/65439/1/CTAA-DOCUMENTOS-15-PREPARACAO-DE-L-CARVONA-A-PARTIR-DE-D-LIMONENO-FL-06778.pd

Óleos essenciais de frutos cítricos cultivados no Brasil.

Foram estudados, quanto à composição química e constantes físico-químicas, dos óleos essenciais de 5 grupos de frutos cítricos cultivados no Brasil (laranja, limão, tangerina, bergamota e "grapefruit"), num total de 12 diferentes óleos de 32 amostras. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade desses óleos do ponto de vista químico e contribuir com subsídios para a padronização dos mesmos. Concluiu-se que, quanto à composição química e quanto aos valores das constantes de poder rotatório, índice de refração densidade, os óleos analisados apresentam características comparáveis aos valores citados pela literatura para óleos essenciais cítrico de diferentes origens geográficas.bitstream/item/65375/1/CTAA-DOCUMENTOS-007-OLEOS-ESSENCIAIS-DE-FRUTAS-CITRICAS-CULTIVADAS-NO-BRASIL-FL-06784A.pd

Intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the ileum originated 40 years after ileosigmoidostomy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare carcinomas. They are asymptomatic and usually neither endoscopy nor contrast studies are performed for screening</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 72-year-old Japanese male had a positive fecal occult blood test at a regular check-up in 2006. He suffered appendicitis and received an ileosigmoidostomy in 1966. A colonoscopy revealed an irregular mucosal lesion with an unclear margin at the ileum side of the anastomosis. A mucosal biopsy specimen showed adenocarcinoma histopathologically. Excision of the anastomosis was performed for this patient. The resected specimen showed a flat mucosal lesion with a slight depression at the ileum adjacent to the anastomosis. Histological examination revealed a well differentiated intramucosal adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma in situ). Immunohistological staining demonstrated the overexpression of p53 protein in the adenocarcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adenocarcinoma of the ileum at such an early stage is a very rare event. In this case, there is a possibility that the ileosigmoidostomy resulted in a back flow of colonic stool to the ileum that caused the carcinogenesis of the small intestine.</p