Loneliness of Older Immigrant Groups in Canada: Effects of Ethnic-Cultural Background

This study aimed to explore the loneliness of several groups of older immigrants in Canadacompared to native-born older adults. Data from the Canadian General Social Survey, Cycle 22 (Nolder adults = 3,692) were used. The dependent variable is the 6 item De Jong Gierveld lonelinessscale. Determinants of loneliness included country of birth, ethnic background (cultural context);belongingness (community context) and social networks (social context). Results showed that onlysome immigrant groups are significantly lonelier than older adults born in Canada. Immigrants withsimilar language and culture are not lonelier; while those from countries that differ in nativelanguage/culture are significantly higher on loneliness. Multivariate analyses showed the importanceof cultural background, of composition of the network of relatives and friends, and of localparticipation and feelings of belonging to the Canadian society in explaining loneliness of olderimmigrants

Life courses of immigrants and their descendants. Doctoral thesis

Zijn proefschrift is getiteld 'Life courses of immigrants and their descendants', een onderzoek naar hoe jongeren van diverse etnische herkomstgroepen in Nederland de transitie naar volwassenheid maken, waarbij voornamelijk is gekeken naar gebeurtenissen in hun familie- en gezinsleven. Academic and public debates about increasing immigration and ethnic diversity in Europe have largely remained focused on the socioeconomic position and the cultural/linguistic acculturation of ethnic minorities. Much less is known about family behavior of immigrants and in particular, that of their descendants. This study focused on family dynamics among young adults from migrant and native Dutch families, covering a relatively recent immigrant population (viz. Polish immigrants) as well as the second generation of more established immigrant groups in the Netherlands (viz. Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese, and Antilleans). Many Polish immigrants returned to the country of origin after several years of stay. Those who lived with their partner and children in the Netherlands, however, were found to settle more permanently. This highlights that migrants’ family dynamics are crucial to understand and forecast immigration behavior, particularly so in EU-context without borders. Regarding family dynamics of descendants of immigrants, we found that these strongly match the patterns dominant in their parents’ country of origin. This was reflected in a preference of marriage over unmarried cohabitation among Turkish and Moroccan youth, a rather high incidence of single motherhood among Surinamese and Antillean women, and younger ages of partnership formation and childbearing as compared to the native Dutch. Our analyses suggested that descendants of immigrants tend to adjust their educational and labor market careers to their family life, while this is the other way around for native Dutch youth. This results in unequal chances in education and labor

Leaving home of migrant and Dutch young adults: parent-child and peer relations

This study examines the role of parents and peer relations on home-leaving behavior among young adults of migrant and Dutch descent. Data come from the TIES survey including the Turkish (n = 493) and Moroccan (n = 486) second generation and a native Dutch comparison group (n = 506). Competing risks models are applied to distinguish between patterns of leaving home for different reasons. Results indicate that native Dutch young adults mainly leave home at relative young ages to attend further education, whereas in particular women of the Turkish second generation are more likely to postpone leaving home until marriage. Friendship and peer relations are of importance: having close friends outside the own ethnic group decreases the chance of leaving home for union formation. Conflicts with parents accelerate the process of leaving home for women of all origin groups, though only when they leave home to gain independence. Cette étude examine le rôle des parents et des pairs sur le comportement de départ du domicile paternel chez les jeunes adultes d'origine immigrée et néerlandaise. Les données proviennent de l'enquête TIES, comprenant la deuxième génération turque (n = 493) et marocaine (n = 486) ainsi qu’un groupe de contrôle néerlandais dont les parents sont nés au Pays-Bas (n = 506). Des modèles à risques concurrents sont employées pour distinguer entre les différentes raisons de quitter le domicile parental. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes adultes néerlandais autochtones quittent principalement le domicile à des âges relativement jeunes afin de poursuivre leurs études, alors qu'en particulier les femmes de la deuxième génération turque sont plus susceptibles de remettre leur départ jusqu'au mariage. Les amis et les relations avec les pairs sont importantes: avoir des amis proches en dehors de son groupe ethnique diminue les chances de quitter la maison parentale pour le mariage. Les conflits avec les parents accélèrent le processus de quitter le domicile pour les femmes de toute origine, mais seulement quand elles quittent la maison afin d’obtenir leur autonomie. Este estudio examina el papel de los padres y de las relaciones entre contemporáneos en la decisión de abandonar el hogar paterno por parte de adolescentes de ascendencia holandesa y migrante. Los datos han sido extraídos del sondeo TIES, que incluye turcos (n = 493) y marroquíes (n = 486) de segunda generación, así como un grupo de holandeses nativos (n = 506). Para distinguir entre patrones de abandono del hogar por razones diferentes se aplican modelos de riesgo competitivo. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes nativos abandonan el hogar principalmente a una edad relativamente joven para proseguir sus estudios, mientras que es más probable que, en particular, las mujeres turcas de segunda generación esperen hasta el matrimonio para abandonar el hogar paterno. También son importantes la amistad y relaciones con los contemporáneos: tener amigos cercanos fuera del propio grupo étnico reduce las probabilidades de esperar a contraer matrimonio para abandonar el hogar paterno. Los conflictos con los padres aceleran el proceso de abandono del hogar para las mujeres de todos los grupos, pero solo cuando lo hacen para ganar independencia personal

Housing trajectories of EU migrants:between quick emigration and shared housing as temporary and long-term solutions

Over the past two decades, many European countries have witnessed new immigration patterns related to the gradual expansion of the European Union (EU). While migration motives and labour market positions of EU migrants are well-understood, relatively little is known about their housing positions in the hosting countries. Using sequence analyses and logistic regression on longitudinal register data from Statistics Netherlands, this article examines housing trajectories of EU migrants from seven countries in the Netherlands, over an eight-year period (2012–2019). Our results show that, while housing trajectories vary substantially in terms of length of stay in the Netherlands and access to social housing, private renting and homeownership, sharing is at the centre for all migrant groups, both as a temporary and long-term solution. Moreover, we show that varying housing trajectories can partially be explained through contrasting demographic and socio-economic profiles. Yet, even after controlling for such factors as income, age, and household composition, some differences between country of origin persist

Ethnic Differences in Duration and Timing of Exposure to Neighbourhood Disadvantage during Childhood

This paper examines ethnic differences in childhood neighborhood disadvantage among children living in the Netherlands. In contrast to more conventional approaches for assessing children’s exposure to neighborhood poverty and affluence (e.g., point-in-time and cumulative measures of exposure), we apply sequence analysis to simultaneously capture the timing and duration of exposure to poor and nonpoor neighborhoods during childhood. Rich administrative microdata offered a unique opportunity to follow the entire 1999 birth cohort of the Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Antillean secondgeneration and a native Dutch comparison group from birth up until age 15 (N=24,212).Results indicate that especially Turkish and Moroccan children were more likely than native Dutch children to live in a poor neighborhood at any specific stage within childhood, but particularly throughout childhood. Although differences became substantially smaller after adjusting for parental and household characteristics, ethnic differences remained large and statistically significant. In addition, the impact of household income on children’s neighborhood income trajectories was found to be weaker for ethnic minority children than for native Dutch children. Our findings are discussed in relation to theories on spatialassimilation, place stratification, and residential preferences.OLD Urban Renewal and Housin