A Bi-Polar Theory of Nominal and Clause Structure and Function

It is taken as axiomatic that grammar encodes meaning. Two key dimensions of meaning that get grammatically encoded are referential meaning and relational meaning. The key claim is that, in English, these two dimensions of meaning are typically encoded in distinct grammatical poles—a referential pole and a relational pole—with a specifier functioning as the locus of the referential pole and a head functioning as the locus of the relational pole. Specifiers and heads combine to form referring expressions corresponding to the syntactic notion of a maximal projection. Lexical items and expressions functioning as modifiers are preferentially attracted to one pole or the other. If the head of an expression describes a relation, one or more complements may be associated with the head. The four grammatical functions specifier, head, modifier and complement are generally adequate to represent much of the basic structure and function of nominals and clauses. These terms are borrowed from X-Bar Theory, but they are motivated on semantic grounds having to do with their grammatical function to encode referential and relational meaning

Classical Conditioning of Shock-Elicited Fighting Behavior in Paired Rats

The present experiment investigated the effectiveness of two methods of stimuli presentation in classically conditioning shock elicited fighting behavior in paired rats. The results indicated that fighting responses occurred to the unconditioned stimulus (shock), however, at no time did a fighting response occur to any of the tone-alone test trials. Therefore, it was concluded from the data in the present study that shock-elicited fighting in paired rats did not appear to be a behavior which could be classically conditioned using either a simultaneous or a random method of stimuli presentation

Real Estate Agent Remarks: Help or Hype?

This article groups the remarks of a multiple listing service listing into common themes and then uses a hedonic pricing model to determine whether such comments are priced in a meaningful way. The comments provide information on the motivation of the seller, location of the property and physical improvements or defects. Most of the comments analyzed are statistically significant. Negative comments are associated with lower sales prices suggesting the helpful nature of comments. Some of the positive comments, however, including "new paint" and "good location" are also associated with lower sales prices suggesting that some comments may be better classified as hype.

Underneath the Rainbow: Queer Identity and Community Building in Panama City and the Florida Panhandle 1950 - 1990

The decades after World War II were a time of growth and change for queer people across the country. Many chose to move to major metropolitan centers in order to pursue a life of openness and be part of queer communities. However, those people only account for part of the story of queer history. Other queer people chose to stay in small towns and create their own queer spaces for socializing and community building. The Gulf Coast of Florida is a place where queer people chose to create queer community where they lived through such actions as private house parties and opening bars. The unique place of the Gulf Coast as a tourist destination allowed queer people to build and join communication networks that furthered the growth of a sense of community leading ultimately to the founding of Bay AIDS Services and Information Coalition in 1989

No List of Political Assets

Iurii Olesha (1899-1960) was a relative late-comer to film work, if compared to several other important fictional prose writers oft he Soviet ,experimental' (modernist) 1920s. Olesha's first major filmscript (and his first script to be filmed) was "Strogii iunosha (A Strict Youth"), written in Odessa in 29 days in May und June 1934

Cylindrically and toroidally symmetric solutions with a cosmological constant

Cylindrical-like coordinates for constant-curvature 3-spaces are introduced and discussed. This helps to clarify the geometrical properties, the coordinate ranges and the meaning of free parameters in the static vacuum solution of Linet and Tian. In particular, when the cosmological constant is positive, the spacetimes have toroidal symmetry. One of the two curvature singularities can be removed by matching the Linet-Tian vacuum solution across a toroidal surface to a corresponding region of the dust-filled Einstein static universe. Some other properties and limiting cases of these space-times are also described, together with their generalisation to higher dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of The Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE2010), Journal of Physics: Conference Serie