Telemetric system for track measurement in rails vehicles without electric power supply

The article presents review of methods and devices for track measurement of rail vehicles in aspect of diagnostics and safety of use. Currently used solutions do not enable effective "on-line" measurement of mileage by wheelsets and vehicles' axles in rail vehicles without electric power supply such as goods wagons and cisterns. Those solutions have limited functionality and have to use additional power supply (accumulators, generators, etc.) which significantly increase exploitation costs. A telemetric system for monitoring of wheelsets' mileage as well as of their bearing temperature, based on original solution of odometer installed on the set's grease-box, was suggested in the research. The odometer is powered from an independent source of energy generated through magnetic induction by coil and neodymium magnets. Reading of collected data is done with the help of a PDA equipped with an RFID reader as well as wired and wireless interfaces for data transmission to telemetric system and GPS

The telemetric system for measurement of the travel distance and parameters of motion in railway vehicles without electric power supply

W artykule przedstawiono system telemetryczny, umożliwiający zliczanie parametrów ruchu pojazdów szynowych bez zewnętrznego zasilania elektrycznego a także innych parametrów, istotnych z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa systemu, jak pomiar temperatury łożysk. System umożliwia pomiar „on line” przebiegu zestawów kołowych a także osi pojazdów w pojazdach szynowych pozbawionych zasilania elektrycznego takich jak wagony towarowe i cysterny przewożące materiały niebezpieczne. Aktualnie stosowane rozwiązania nie umożliwiają efektywnego pomiaru „on line” przebiegu zestawów kołowych. W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązanie systemu telemetrycznego do monitoringu przebiegu zestawów kołowych oraz innych parametrów użytecznych z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa, opartym na liczniku kilometrów, który instalowany jest na maźnicy zestawu kołowego. Licznik kilometrów zasilany jest w oryginalny sposób ze źródła energii elektrycznej, wytwarzanej na drodze indukcji magnetycznej przez cewkę i magnesy neodymowe. Odczyt zgromadzonych danych dokonywany jest przy pomocy przenośnego komputera PDA, wyposażonego w czytnik kart RFID. Szeroki wybór interfejsów przewodowych i bezprzewodowych umożliwia komunikację i transmisję danych GPS, a także danych o ruchu pojazdu poprzez system telemetryczny do centralnego węzła gromadzenia danych. Opisywane urządzenie pełni także rolę czarnej skrzynki pojazdu szynowego.The paper presents a telemetric and information system enabling counting the motion parameters of the rail vehicles without electric power supply. It also counts other parameters, essential from the safety point of view, like the bearing temperature measurement. The system enables the effective “on-line” mileage measurement of the wheelsets and also vehicle axles in the rail vehicles without electric power supply such as trucks and bogie tank wagons which transport explosive (dangerous) materials. Currently used solutions do not enable the effective “on-line” mileage measurement of the wheelsets. A smart telemetric and computer system for monitoring wheelset mileage as well as other useful, from a safety point of view, parameters, which was based on the original solution, that is to say the mileage counter installed on the wheelset grease-box, was suggested in the research. The mileage counter is powered in a unique way from an independent source of electrical energy generated through magnetic induction with a coil and neodymium magnets. A collected data reading is done by means of a PDA equipped with an RFID card reader as well as wired and wireless interfaces for data transmission to a telemetric system and GPS. A wide range of wireless and wired interfaces enable communication and GPS data transmission as well as the transmission of the data concerning vehicle movement to the collection data center. The described device also plays the role of a black box of the rail vehicle

The wireless Wimax system for the secure radio data transmission

Artykuł przedstawia bezprzewodowy system transmisji danych, umożliwiający przesyłanie danych w paśmie częstotliwości 3,5 GHz-5,9 GHz. Przedstawiono liczne zastosowania systemu WiMax, zaczynając od monitoringu miast a kończąc na usługach interneto-wych. Praktycznie nie ma ograniczeń w zastosowaniu tego systemu. Należy pamiętać, że „tranzystorem XXI wieku” jest pasmo o określonej przepustowości (ang. Band [Mb/s]) a system WiMax wypełnia tą niszę. Celem stosowania go nie jest tylko wdrożenie nowej technologii, ale także działania w celu przeciwdziałaniu wykluczeniu cyfrowemu i społecznemu ludności z obszarów o utrudnionym dostępie do usług szerokopasmowych. W publikacji opisano podstawowe parametry systemu. Przedstawiono możliwości oraz korzyści płynące dla obywateli w przypadku uwolnienia i upowszechnienia pasma dla sieci WiMax, czyniąc go ogólnodostępnym. Przedstawiono najważniejsze rezultaty realizacji projektu „Opracowanie technologii oraz uruchomienie produkcji urządzeń do bezpiecznej transmisji radiowej”, realizowanego we współpracy z Politechniką Śląską. W ramach ww. projektu doposażono profesjonalny park maszynowy, który służy do wytworzenia, jedynych w Europie, urządzeń systemu WiMax, polskiej produkcji.The article presents a wireless system of data transmission that enables sending data in a frequency band from 3,5 GHz to 5,9 GHz. In the paper numerous applications of the WiMax system are presented, beginning with the city monitoring, and finishing with the internet services. Practically there are not any limits to the system application. We need to keep in mind that the “transistor of the 21st century” is the band with the specific bandwidth (which is represented by [Mb/s]) and the WiMax system fills this niche. The main purpose of using the WiMax system is not only putting the new technology into practice but also the actions for counteracting the social and digital exclusion of people in the areas with the hindered access to the broadband services. The publication describes the basic system of parameters. There are presented both the possibilities and the benefits derived by citizens in the case of releasing and disseminating the frequency band for the network WiMax, making it widely accessible. The most significant results of the project “The development of the technology and the launching of production of the devices for safe radio transmission”, which was realized in cooperation with the Silesian Technical University, were presented. Within the above-mentioned project equipped the profes-sional machine park with new automats, which serve to produce the devices of the WiMax system that are unique in Europe and made in Poland

Analysis of Non-Steady Stage in SAW Gas Sensors with Semiconducting Sensor Layers

The profile of the gas concentration in the sensor layer can be expressed as a polynomial function involving the diffusion coefficient $(D_{K})$, semiconductor film thickness (h), rate constant (k), gas concentration outside the semiconductor film $(C_{S})$. Before reaching a steady state of the concentration profile, its behavior depends on a few factors as the distance from the piezoelectric surface, the rate constant, the thickness of the layer and the diffusion constant and time. We are going to simulate temporary processes in the semiconductor sensor film in the surface acoustic wave gas sensor system and to describe the influence on relative changes of the surface acoustic wave velocity. The numerical results basing on the code written in Pyton, are described and analyzed

WO 3

In the paper a new sensor structure for surface acoustic wave gas system is presented. A bilayer structure $WO_3-Pd$ thin films may be useful for hydrogen detection in low concentration in air. A bilayer sensor structure of tungsten oxide $WO_3$ with a very thin catalytic film of palladium on the top has been studied for gas-sensing application at room temperature (about 25°C) in surface acoustic wave system. The bilayer structure of $WO_3$ layers with a thickness of about 50 nm, 100 nm and 150 nm was made onto a $LiNbO_3$ Y-cut Z-propagating substrate by means of the vacuum sublimation method using a special aluminum mask. The vapor source consisted of commercially available $WO_3$ powder (Fluka 99.9%) and molybdenum heater. The thin palladium (Pd) layer (about 10 nm) was made separately on each $WO_3$ layer by means of vapor deposition in high vacuum. There have been investigated three structures: 50 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd, 100 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd and 150 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd in three canal surface acoustic wave system with reference oscillator. Numerical results obtained by analysis of the surface acoustic wave gas sensor model have been compared with experimental results

Numerical Optimization of Structures SAW Gas Sensors

This paper presents the results of the analysis of surface acoustic waves sensor equivalent model. They were the sensor response of the surface acoustic waves sensor in the steady state gas: $H_2$, $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $NH_3$, $C_nH_m$, $CO$. Thin layer of $WO_3$ has been used as a sensor layer. Impedance replacement of sensor layer, taking into account the profile of the concentration of gas molecules in the layer, has been implemented into the equation of Ingebrigtsen, which enabled us to obtain analytical expressions for the relative changes in surface wave velocity in the steady state. The results of the analysis show that there is an optimum thickness of layer sensor for which an acoustoelectric effect (change in the acoustic wave velocity) is the highest

WO3−PdWO_3-Pd Structure in SAW Sensor for Hydrogen Detection

In the paper a new sensor structure for surface acoustic wave gas system is presented. A bilayer structure $WO_3-Pd$ thin films may be useful for hydrogen detection in low concentration in air. A bilayer sensor structure of tungsten oxide $WO_3$ with a very thin catalytic film of palladium on the top has been studied for gas-sensing application at room temperature (about 25°C) in surface acoustic wave system. The bilayer structure of $WO_3$ layers with a thickness of about 50 nm, 100 nm and 150 nm was made onto a $LiNbO_3$ Y-cut Z-propagating substrate by means of the vacuum sublimation method using a special aluminum mask. The vapor source consisted of commercially available $WO_3$ powder (Fluka 99.9%) and molybdenum heater. The thin palladium (Pd) layer (about 10 nm) was made separately on each $WO_3$ layer by means of vapor deposition in high vacuum. There have been investigated three structures: 50 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd, 100 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd and 150 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd in three canal surface acoustic wave system with reference oscillator. Numerical results obtained by analysis of the surface acoustic wave gas sensor model have been compared with experimental results

Analysis of Non-Steady Stage in SAW Gas Sensors with Semiconducting Sensor Layers

The profile of the gas concentration in the sensor layer can be expressed as a polynomial function involving the diffusion coefficient $(D_{K})$, semiconductor film thickness (h), rate constant (k), gas concentration outside the semiconductor film $(C_{S})$. Before reaching a steady state of the concentration profile, its behavior depends on a few factors as the distance from the piezoelectric surface, the rate constant, the thickness of the layer and the diffusion constant and time. We are going to simulate temporary processes in the semiconductor sensor film in the surface acoustic wave gas sensor system and to describe the influence on relative changes of the surface acoustic wave velocity. The numerical results basing on the code written in Pyton, are described and analyzed

Numerical Results of Modeling Semiconductor Sensor Layers in SAW Gas Sensors

The paper presents the numerical results of investigations of the layered gas surface acoustic waves sensor. The base electric load of the piezoelectric acoustic line is predicted by the effect of surface acoustic waves velocity changes vs. surface conductivity, which depends on the profile concentration by gas diffused molecules into the porous film. Inside the sensor layer Knudsen's model of gas diffusion was used