25 research outputs found
A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) Based on Mitochondrial CO1 Sequence Data
Classical morphological taxonomy places the approximately 1400 recognized species of Scleractinia (hard corals) into 27 families, but many aspects of coral evolution remain unclear despite the application of molecular phylogenetic methods. In part, this may be a consequence of such studies focusing on the reef-building (shallow water and zooxanthellate) Scleractinia, and largely ignoring the large number of deep-sea species. To better understand broad patterns of coral evolution, we generated molecular data for a broad and representative range of deep sea scleractinians collected off New Caledonia and Australia during the last decade, and conducted the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis to date of the order Scleractinia.Partial (595 bp) sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene were determined for 65 deep-sea (azooxanthellate) scleractinians and 11 shallow-water species. These new data were aligned with 158 published sequences, generating a 234 taxon dataset representing 25 of the 27 currently recognized scleractinian families.There was a striking discrepancy between the taxonomic validity of coral families consisting predominantly of deep-sea or shallow-water species. Most families composed predominantly of deep-sea azooxanthellate species were monophyletic in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses but, by contrast (and consistent with previous studies), most families composed predominantly of shallow-water zooxanthellate taxa were polyphyletic, although Acroporidae, Poritidae, Pocilloporidae, and Fungiidae were exceptions to this general pattern. One factor contributing to this inconsistency may be the greater environmental stability of deep-sea environments, effectively removing taxonomic "noise" contributed by phenotypic plasticity. Our phylogenetic analyses imply that the most basal extant scleractinians are azooxanthellate solitary corals from deep-water, their divergence predating that of the robust and complex corals. Deep-sea corals are likely to be critical to understanding anthozoan evolution and the origins of the Scleractinia
Model checking for infinite state systems using data abstraction, assumption-commitment style reasoning and theorem proving
A New Species Of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Cypraeid Gastropod, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California and New Records of California Cretaceous Cypraeids
Volume: 110Start Page: 177End Page: 18
Notice of transfer of the California State University, Northridge, Paleontology collection to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Reformulate Dynamic Properties during B Refinement and Forget Variants and Loop Invariants
Refractive and Visual Outcomes of Different Intraocular Lenses with Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery: The Expectation of Independence from Spectacles
Comparing model-checking and term-rewriting in the verification of an embedded system
Abstract: There are two main streams for the verification of digital systems: Theorem proving methods such as term rewriting are used for the verification of data oriented systems, and model checking of temporal logics is usually used for the verification of control dominated systems. While theorem proving is an inherently interactive verification method, model checking is performed automatically. In this paper, we investigate for the verification of algorithms for computing the discrete cosine transform by means of term rewriting and model checking. We show the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches at different abstraction levels of the design.