Perkembangan Information Technology USAha Restoran Di Solo

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan information technology USAha restoran di wilayah Solo. Metoda pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan kriteria 1) restoran ada di wilayah Solo, dan 2) data selama periode penelitian dapat diperoleh. Sedangkan metoda pengumpulan datanya menggunakan survey kuesioner. Kuesioner sebanyak 200 disebar ke restoran yang ada di wilayah Solo. Dengan pengembalian kuesioner melalui media WhatsApp, sebanyak 30 kuesioner berhasil dikumpulkan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Data diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel 2016, yang mana dibagi menjadi dua tahapan, yaitu menyusun data dalam bentuk diagram dan menganalisis data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, yang mana ditunjukkan dengan persentase sebesar 50-90%, fasilitas IT yang diadopsi oleh mayoritas restoran di Solo untuk menunjang performa restoran meliputi: 1) fasilitas Wi-Fi, 2) fasilitas pembayaran non tunai, 3) fasilitas IT terkait pembayaran pesanan, 4) fasilitas mitra transportasi online, 5) fasilitas IT kasir, 6) fasilitas media online. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, baiknya restoran sesegera mungkin mulai melakukan secara bertahap adopsi teknologi informasi di atas (sesuai hasil penelitian), agar dapat tetap bertahan dalam persaingan yang semakin ketat

Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Eritromisin 250 mg Oral dengan Metoklopramid 10 mg Oral terhadap Jumlah dan pH Cairan Lambung pada Pasien yang Menjalani Operasi Elektif dengan Anestesi Umum

Aspirasi pulmonal akibat isi lambung merupakan penyebab kematian yang berhubungan dengan anestesi. Eritromisin 250 mg oral dan metoklopramid 10 mg oral digunakan untuk menurunkan jumlah dan meningkatkan pH cairan lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efek eritromisin 250 mg oral dan metoklopramid 10 mg oral terhadap jumlah dan pH cairan lambung pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif dengan anestesi umum. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak buta ganda pada 42 pasien yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi pasien dengan American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) kelas I, usia 18–60 tahun, dijadwalkan operasi elektif dengan anestesi umum dan diintubasi di Rumah Sakit Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Agustus–September 2015. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok 21 orang masing-masing. Kelompok A mendapatkan eritromisin 250 mg oral dan kelompok B metoklopramid 10 mg oral yang diberikan 1 jam sebelum induksi anestesi. Setelah dilakukan intubasi, cairan lambung diambil menggunakan spuit 50 mL melalui nasogastric tube (NGT) no 18, dimasukkan ke gelas ukur, diukur jumlah dan pH nya. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann–Whitney. Hasil menunjukkan kelompok A didapatkan 90,5% pasien dengan jumlah cairan 25 mL volume and a <2.5 pH is a high risk to lung damage. Oral Erythromycin 250 mg and Oral metoclopramide 10 mg can be used to reduce the gastric fluid volume and increase the gastric fluid pH. The purpose of this study was compare the effects between oral erythromycin 250 mg and oral metoclopramide 10 mg on the volume and pH of gastric fluid in patients undergoing elective general anesthesia. This study was a double blind randomized clinical trial on 42 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups with 21 patients in each group. Group A received 250 mg of oral erythromycin and group B received 10 mg of metoclopramide, 1 hour before the induction of anesthesia.After intubation, gastric fluid was collected using a 50 mL syringe via the nasogastric tube (NGT). It was then placed in a beaker glass to have its volume and pH measured. A statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney test was performed. In group A, 90.5% of patients were found to have gastric fluid volume <25 mL, while group B had 57.1%, in which the difference was statistically significant (p <0.014). Hence, the administration of erythromycin 250 mg orally is more effective in reducing the gastric fluid volume and increasing the gastric fluid pH compared to oral administration of etoclopramide 10 mg in patients undergoing general anesthesia.Key words: Erythromycin, gastric fluid volume, metoclopramid, gastric p

Pengaruh Penambahan Klonidin 75 mcg pada 12,5 mg Levobupivakain 0,5% Secara Intratekal terhadap Lama Kerja Blokade Sensorik dan Motorik untuk Bedah Ortopedi Ekstremitas Bawah

Spinal anesthesia has some limitations that limits its use, such as limited duration of action in motoric and sensoric. This research aimed to provide an overview on the effect of adding clonidine 75 mcg to 12.5 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine on the motoric and sensoric blockade action duration in lower extremity orthopedic surgery spinal anesthesia. This experimental prospective research used double blind randomized controlled trial approach on 36 patients with ASA I-II physical status who underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery using spinal anesthesia in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during the period of June to August 2014. LC group, clonidine 75 mcg was added to 12.5 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine. On LS group, 12.5 mg 0.5% mg levobupivacaine mixed with 0.5 mL 0.9% NaCl. The data were then statistically tested using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square. The result showed that the duration of action of sensoric blockade in LK group was significantly longer, i.e. 224.44 (37.84) minutes compared to LS group, i.e. 107.89 (17.63) minutes (p=0.000). Duration of action of motoric blockade in LK group was significantly longer, i.e. 278,72 (41,75) minutes, compared to LS group, i.e. 128.39 (18.26) minutes (p=0.000). It is concluded that the additiona of clonidine 75 mcg to 12,5 mg 0,5% levobupivacaine significantly prolongs the duration of action of the motoric and sensoric blockade if given intrathecally

Pengaruh Penambahan Klonidin 75 mcg pada 12,5 mg Levobupivakain 0,5% Secara Intratekal terhadap Lama Kerja Blokade Sensorik dan Motorik untuk Bedah Ortopedi Ekstremitas Bawah

Keterbatasan anestesi spinal antara lain ialah lama kerja blokade sensorik dan motorik terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh penambahan 75 mcg klonidin pada 12,5 mg levobupivakain 0,5% terhadap lama kerja blokade sensorik dan motorik pada anestesi spinal untuk bedah ortopedi ekstremitas bawah. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental prospektif dengan metode acak terkontrol tersamar ganda pada 36 sampel dengan kriteria American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) I-II yang menjalani operasi ortopedi ekstremitas bawah dengan anestesi spinal di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Juni–Agustus 2014. Kelompok levobupivakain dan klonidin (LK) mendapatkan 12,5 mg levobupivakain 0,5% ditambah klonidin 75 mcg. Kelompok levobupivakain dan salin (LS) mendapatkan  12,5 mg levobupivakain 0,5% ditambah NaCl 0,9% 0,5 mL. Data hasil penelitian diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji-t, Mann-Whitney, dan chi-kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama kerja blokade sensorik kelompok LK lebih lama secara bermakna yaitu 244,44 (37,84) menit dibandingkan dengan kelompok LS, yaitu 107,89 (17,63) menit (p=0,000). Lama kerja blokade motorik kelompok LK lebih lama secara bermakna yaitu 278,72 (41,75) menit dibandingkan dengan kelompok LS, yaitu 128,39 (18,26) menit (p=0,000). Simpulan, penambahan klonidin 75 mcg pada 12,5 mg levobupivakain 0,5%  secara intratekal memerpanjang lama kerja blokade sensorik dan motorik.Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, klonidin, levobupivakain, lama kerja blokade sensorik, lama kerja blokade motorikEffect of Clonidine 75 mcg Addition to Intrathecal 12.5 mg 0.5% Levobupivacaine on Sensoric and Motoric  Blockade Duration in Lower Extremity Orthopedic SurgeryAbstractSpinal anesthesia has some limitations that  limits its use, such as limited duration of action in motoric and sensoric.  This research aimed to provide an overview on the effect of adding clonidine 75 mcg to 12.5 mg  0.5% levobupivacaine on the motoric and sensoric blockade action duration in lower extremity orthopedic surgery spinal anesthesia. This experimental prospective research used double blind randomized controlled trial approach on 36 patients with ASA I-II physical status who underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery using spinal anesthesia in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during the period of June to August 2014.  LC group, clonidine 75 mcg was added to 12.5 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine.  On LS group, 12.5 mg 0.5% mg levobupivacaine mixed with 0.5 mL 0.9% NaCl. The data were then statistically tested using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square. The result showed that the duration of action of sensoric blockade in LK group was significantly longer, i.e. 224.44 (37.84) minutes compared to LS group, i.e. 107.89 (17.63) minutes (p=0.000).  Duration of action of motoric blockade in LK group was significantly longer, i.e. 278,72 (41,75) minutes, compared to LS group, i.e. 128.39 (18.26) minutes (p=0.000). It is concluded that the additiona of clonidine 75 mcg to 12,5 mg 0,5% levobupivacaine significantly prolongs the duration of action of the motoric and sensoric blockade if given intrathecally.Key words: Clonidine, duration of action, duration of action of motoric blockade, levobupivacaine, spinal anesthesia DOI: 10.15851/jap.v3n1.374 

Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Cairan Kristaloid Sebelum Tindakan Anestesi Spinal (Preload) dan Sesaat Setelah Anestesi Spinal (Coload) terhadap Kejadian Hipotensi Maternal pada Seksio Sesarea

Pemberian cairan secara preload sebagai profilaksis sebelum anestesi spinal telah menjadi prosedur rutin untuk mencegah hipotensi ibu selama tindakan seksio sesarea. Tidak seperti koloid, waktu pemberian cairan kristaloid merupakan hal penting karena singkatnya waktu cairan kristaloid berada di ruang intravaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh waktu pemberian cairan kristaloid terutama Ringerfundin yang lebih baik antara preload dibanding dengan coload dalam mencegah hipotensi maternal selama anestesi spinal pada seksio sesarea. Penelitian dilakukan di Central Operating Theatre (COT) Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Juni−Juli 2015 dengan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 36 pasien yang menjalani seksio sesarea dengan status fisik American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) II. Kejadian hipotensi dinilai setelah pemberian anestesi spinal sampai bayi lahir. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji-t, Uji Mann-Whitney, dan uji chi-kuadrat dengan nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna. Insidens hipotensi lebih rendah pada kelompok kristaloid coload dibanding dengan kelompok kristaloid preload (44,4% vs 77,8%; p=0,040). Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian cairan kristaloid secara coload lebih efektif daripada preload untuk pencegahan hipotensi maternal setelah anestesi spinal pada seksio sesarea.Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, hipotensi, kristaloid, seksio sesareaComparison of the Effect of Crystalloids Fluid Provision Before Spinal Anesthesia (Preload) and Shortly after Spinal Anesthesia (Co-load) on Maternal Hypotension Incidence in Caesarean DeliveryProphylactic fluid as a preload before spinal anesthesia has been a routine procedure to prevent maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery. Unlike colloid, timing of infusion of crystalloid may be important because it has short linger time in the intravascular space. This study aimed to compare the effect of the timing of administration of crystalloid, especially Ringerfundin, which is more effective between preload and co-load in preventing maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. This study was performed at the Central Operating Theatre (COT) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in June−July 2015 using the single blind randomized controlled trial method on 36 patients who underwent caesarean section with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) II physical status. The incidence of hypotension was observed starting from the time the spinal anesthesia was performed to the time when the baby was born. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test, Mann Whitney test, and chi-square test where a p value of <0.05 considered significant. The incidence of hypotension was lower in the co-load group when compared to the preload group (44.4% vs. 77.8%, p value=0.040). In conclusion, the use of crystalloids for cesarean delivery in co-loading manner is more effective than preloading for the prevention of maternal hypotension after spinal anesthesia.Key words: Cesarean delivery, crystalloid, hypotension, spinal anesthesia DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n2.81

TEXTBOOK EVALUATION OF BAHASA INGGRIS: BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL IN ENGLISH

Textbook is a universal element of teaching, used by many teachers around the world in different level of education. It is important for teachers to be careful in selecting a textbook that match with the students’ needs and characteristics, such as age of the students and also the learning style of students. Textbook evaluation can be used by teachers to help them in selecting textbook that suitable with students’ need in order to facilitate them to accomplish the learning objectives effectively. This study attempts to evaluate the Bahasa Inggris textbook as a textbook for Grade XI senior high school and vocational school students. Specifically, it aims to find out the result of textbook evaluation along the general attributes and the learning-teaching content, the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook, and also the supplementary learning material in English that can be designed based from the findings of the study. The descriptive-evaluative method was used in this study. The data collected through textbook evaluation checklist and written document analysis such as curriculum and syllabus. The findings indicate that the result of evaluation shows that the general weighted mean of all criteria is 2.43 interpreted as strength. There are eight criteria namely pronunciation, reading, writing, speaking, vocabulary, general, and methodology are evaluated as strengths. Meanwhile, three criteria namely exercises, physical and utilitarian attributes, and listening are evaluated as weaknesses. Based from the findings of the study, a supplementary learning material in English can be designed. The supplementary learning material is intended to support the Bahasa Inggris textbook used by Grade XI senior high school and vocational school students. Keywords: Textbook, Textbook Evaluation, General Attributes, Learning-teaching conten

Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007–2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17×17 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.13±0.017; ±S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.72±0.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.33±0.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a ‘global priority’ for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022

RE-THINKING KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI LOKAL: STUDI KASUS TAMBANG EMAS BATU GOSOK – LABUAN BAJO – NTT

Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian praktis-teoritis terhadap kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi. Pendekatan kebijakan dan perencanaan yang tidak realistis, sistem manajemen pemerintahan yang tidak terbuka dan kurang kooperatif serta cenderung mementingkan kepentingan politik dibandingkan kepentingan pembangunan ekonomi itu sendiri dinilai sebagai salah satu penyebab tersendatnya pembangunan ekonomi di daerah. Kebijakan otonomi yang sudah digulirkan pemerintah pusat belum mampu memberikan solusi akselerasi percepatan pembangunan ekonomi, justru yang terjadi adalah penyimpangan wewenang dan kekuasaan yang justru berdampak pada pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat lokal. Kebijakan ekonomi melalui investasi tambang sebagai salah satu strategi pembangunan yang sudah disepakati pemerintah daerah dan investor justru menimbulan polemik panjang. Perlu pemikiran dan kajian yang lebih jauh terkait kebijkan tersebut sehingga hasil yang diharapkan oleh semua pihak dapat tercapai dan cita-cita peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal akan segera terwujut. Melalui tulisan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi pemikiran terkait re-thinking kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi khususnya yang terkait dengan keputusan investasi tambang emas di kawasan konserwasi wisata Batu Gosok-Labuan Bajo-NTT