Le Paléolithique supérieur ancien dans le sud-ouest du Bassin parisien : du Châtelperronien au Gravettien dans les vallées de la Creuse et de la Claise

Actes du colloque de Sens (2009)International audienceWe present the results obtained during an excavation initiated in 2007 at Les Roches d’Abilly (Indre-et-Loire) and a survey, testing and excavationworks realized during the last 15 years in the open-air settlements of the Claise valley. We are also reinterpreting the Aurignacian and Gravettiansequence of the Charbonnier rockshelter at Les Roches de Pouligny-SaintPierre (Indre). The new data confirm the human occupation of the Creuse valley during the Châtelperronian and permit a better characterization of several Aurignacian and Gravettian phases.Nous présentons les résultats d’une fouille commencée en 2007 sur le site des Roches d’Abilly (Indre-et-Loire), ainsi que ceux de prospections et de sondages effectués ces quinze dernières années sur des sites de plein air de la vallée de la Claise. Nous réinterprétons aussi la séquence de l’abri Charbonnier à Pouligny-Saint-Pierre (Indre). L’ensemble de ces nouvelles données confirme les rares indices qui indiquaient jusqu’alors une occupation humaine de la vallée de la Creuse pendant le Châtelperronien et permet de mieux caractériser plusieurs phases de l’Aurignacien et du Gravettien

Extracellular vesicles in renal disease

Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are host cell-derived packages of information that allow cell-cell communication and enable cells to rid themselves of unwanted substances. The release and uptake of extracellular vesicles has important physiological functions and may also contribute to the development and propagation of inflammatory, vascular, malignant, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This Review describes the different types of extracellular vesicles, how they are detected and the mechanisms by which they communicate with cells and transfer information. We also describe their physiological functions in cellular interactions, such as in thrombosis, immune modulation, cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and matrix modulation, with an emphasis on renal processes. We discuss how the detection of extracellular vesicles could be utilized as biomarkers of renal disease and how they might contribute to disease processes in the kidney, such as in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, thrombotic microangiopathies, vasculitides, IgA nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infection, cystic kidney disease and tubulopathies. Finally, we consider how the release or uptake of extracellular vesicles can be blocked, as well as the associated benefits and risks, and how extracellular vesicles might be used to treat renal diseases by delivering therapeutics to specific cells