Near-earth thermal environmental criteria study

A study was made to determine improved values and definitions to be used for thermal environmental design parameters for a spacecraft in near-earth orbit. An algorithm was used to derive a total earth thermal radiation based on a mathematical relationship. Several albedo and earth thermal radiation grid maps were produced on seven track digital magnetic tape. Each map contained the values obtained during a 24 hour period over the entire earth. The output statistics are summarized, and the data processing program is described

Species diversity and biogeography of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Louisiana with notes on their ecology

Over three decades have passed since the completion of Moser and Blum\u27s (1960) treatment of the ants of Louisiana. This research represents a significant contribution to and update of their work. I report the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the Louisiana Formicid fauna. More than 100 species from 38 genera and eight subfamilies are covered. This faunistic survey gives valuable data of biodiversity and macro/microhabitat selection of ant species. Included are keys to all subfamilies, genera, and species with illustrations photographs, and a regional map for each species

Standing on Shaky Ground: Standing Under the Fair Housing Act

Part II of this Article reviews the general principles of standing and its development under the FHA. Part III explores the two forms of standing successfully employed by testers – direct injury and neighborhood standing. Additionally, Part III focuses on the Supreme Court’s conclusion in Havens Realty v. Coleman that the “any person” language in § 3604(d) of the FHA provides standing to testers, and discusses how this holding has been interpreted by circuit courts in terms of its applicability to other provisions of the FHA. Finally, Part IV examines the requirements for organizations to achieve standing. Part IV also discusses the division at the circuit court level regarding the injury-in-fact standard pronounced in Havens, and it outlines the various circuit court positions

The ART of IAM: The Winning Strategy for the 2006 Competition

In many dynamic open systems, agents have to interact with one another to achieve their goals. Here, agents may be self-interested, and when trusted to perform an action for others, may betray that trust by not performing the actions as required. In addition, due to the size of such systems, agents will often interact with other agents with which they have little or no past experience. This situation has led to the development of a number of trust and reputation models, which aim to facilitate an agent's decision making in the face of uncertainty regarding the behaviour of its peers. However, these multifarious models employ a variety of different representations of trust between agents, and measure performance in many different ways. This has made it hard to adequately evaluate the relative properties of different models, raising the need for a common platform on which to compare competing mechanisms. To this end, the ART Testbed Competition has been proposed, in which agents using different trust models compete against each other to provide services in an open marketplace. In this paper, we present the winning strategy for this competition in 2006, provide an analysis of the factors that led to this success, and discuss lessons learnt from the competition about issues of trust in multiagent systems in general. Our strategy, IAM, is Intelligent (using statistical models for opponent modelling), Abstemious (spending its money parsimoniously based on its trust model) and Moral (providing fair and honest feedback to those that request it)

Expectation of forward-backward rapidity correlations in p+pp+p collisions at the LHC energies

Forward-backward correlation strength ($b$) as a function of pesudorapidity intervals for experimental data from $p+\bar{p}$ non-singly diffractive collisions are compared to PYTHIA and PHOJET model calculations. The correlations are discussed as a function of rapidity window ($\Delta \eta$) symmetric about the central rapidity as well as rapidity window separated by a gap ($\eta_{gap}$) between forward and backward regions. While the correlations are observed to be independent of $\Delta \eta$, it is found to decrease with increase in $\eta_{gap}$. This reflects the role of short range correlations and justifies the use of $\eta_{gap}$ to obtain the accurate information about the physics of interest, the long range correlations. The experimental $b$ value shows a linear dependence on $\ln \sqrt{s}$ with the maximum value of unity being reached at $\sqrt{s}$ = 16 TeV, beyond the top LHC energy. However calculations from the PYTHIA and PHOJET models indicate a deviation from linear dependence on $\ln \sqrt{s}$ and saturation in the $b$ values being reached beyond $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8 TeV. Such a saturation in correlation values could have interesting physical interpretations related to clan structures in particle production. Strong forward-backward correlations are associated with cluster production in the collisions. The average number of charged particles to which the clusters fragments, called the cluster size, are found to also increase linearly with $\ln \sqrt{s}$ for both data and the models studied. The rate of increase in cluster size vs. $\ln \sqrt{s}$ from models studied are larger compared to those from the data and higher for PHOJET compared to PYTHIA. Our study indicates that the forward-backward measurements will provide a clear distinguishing observable for the models studied at LHC energies.Comment: 15 pages, 14 Figures, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics

Modeling for the Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Sapota Fruit

Modified atmospheric packaging utilizes polymeric films with selective permeability for O2 & CO2 and modifies the storage environment by lowering O2 concentration and increasing CO2 concentration. Modeling and design of the Sapota fruit for modified atmosphere storage was done with different packaging materials for the higher shelf life. Based on the respiration rate and permeability of the packaging material the suitable packaging films obtained for the modified atmospheric packaging of Sapota fruit were low density Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polypropylene and Polystyrene film. Saran and Polyester films were found to be unsuitable for MAP storage of the Sapota fruit. The developed model provides an effective way for selection of the proper packaging material for Sapota fruit and this model can also be employed for designing packaging films for other fruits and vegetables

Effect of thermal annealing on the structure and microstructure ofTiO2 thin films

Nanostructured TiO2 thin films have been prepared through chemical route using sol-gel and spin coating techniques. The deposited films were annealed in the temperature range 400–1000°C for 1 h. The structure and microstructure of the annealed films were characterized by GAXRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy and AFM. The as-deposited TiO2 thin films are found to be amorphous. Micro-Raman and GAXRD results confirm the presence of the anatase phase and absence of the rutile phase for films annealed up to 700°C. The diffraction pattern of the film annealed at 800 to 1000°C contains peaks of both anatase and rutile reflections. The intensity of all peaks in micro-Raman and GAXRD patterns increased and their width (FWHM) decreased with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating the improvement in the crystallinity of the annealed films. Phase transformation at higher annealing temperature involves a competition among three events such as : grain growth of anatase phase, conversion of anatase to rutile and grain growth of rutile phase. AFM image of the as-deposited films and annealed films indicated exponential grain growth at higher temperature.Effect of thermal annealing on the structure and microstructure ofTiO2 thin films Haripriya Rath1*, S Anand2, M Mohapatra2, Priyadarshini Dash1, T Som3, U P Singh4 and N C Mishra1 1Department of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Orissa, India 2Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Orissa, India 3Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar-751 005, Orissa, India 4KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Orissa, India E-mail : [email protected] of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Orissa, India 2Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Orissa, India 3Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar-751 005, Orissa, India 4KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Orissa, India 1Department of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Orissa, India 2Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Orissa, India 3Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar-751 005, Orissa, India 4KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Orissa, Indi