2,593 research outputs found
Quantum Sampling Problems, BosonSampling and Quantum Supremacy
There is a large body of evidence for the potential of greater computational
power using information carriers that are quantum mechanical over those
governed by the laws of classical mechanics. But the question of the exact
nature of the power contributed by quantum mechanics remains only partially
answered. Furthermore, there exists doubt over the practicality of achieving a
large enough quantum computation that definitively demonstrates quantum
supremacy. Recently the study of computational problems that produce samples
from probability distributions has added to both our understanding of the power
of quantum algorithms and lowered the requirements for demonstration of fast
quantum algorithms. The proposed quantum sampling problems do not require a
quantum computer capable of universal operations and also permit physically
realistic errors in their operation. This is an encouraging step towards an
experimental demonstration of quantum algorithmic supremacy. In this paper, we
will review sampling problems and the arguments that have been used to deduce
when sampling problems are hard for classical computers to simulate. Two
classes of quantum sampling problems that demonstrate the supremacy of quantum
algorithms are BosonSampling and IQP Sampling. We will present the details of
these classes and recent experimental progress towards demonstrating quantum
supremacy in BosonSampling.Comment: Survey paper first submitted for publication in October 2016. 10
pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
The partially alternating ternary sum in an associative dialgebra
The alternating ternary sum in an associative algebra, , gives rise to the partially alternating ternary sum in an
associative dialgebra with products and by making the
argument the center of each term: . We use computer algebra to determine the polynomial identities in
degree satisfied by this new trilinear operation. In degrees 3 and 5 we
obtain and ; these identities define a new variety of partially alternating ternary
algebras. We show that there is a 49-dimensional space of multilinear
identities in degree 7, and we find equivalent nonlinear identities. We use the
representation theory of the symmetric group to show that there are no new
identities in degree 9.Comment: 14 page
Men who have sex with men who do not access sexual health clinics nor disclose sexual orientation are unlikely to receive the HPV vaccine in the UK
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are recommended the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination due to their higher risk of genital warts and anal cancer. Purpose: To examine HPV vaccine acceptability amongst MSM in the UK. Methods: Using advertisements via Facebook, MSM were recruited to an online survey measuring motivations for HPV vaccination. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of HPV vaccine acceptability. Results: Out of 1508 MSM (median age = 22, range: 14–63 years) only 19% had good knowledge of HPV. Overall, 55% of MSM were willing to ask for the HPV vaccine and 89% would accept it if offered by a healthcare professional (HCP). Access to sexual health clinics (SHCs) [OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.29–2.89], the disclosure of sexual orientation to a HCP [OR = 2.02, CI 1.39–3.14] and HIV-positive status [OR = 1.96, CI 1.09–3.53] positively predicted HPV vaccine acceptability. After receiving information about HPV, perceptions of HPV risk [OR = 1.31, CI 1.05–1.63], HPV infection severity [OR = 1.89, CI 1.16–3.01), HPV vaccination benefits [OR = 1.61, CI 1.14–3.01], HPV vaccine effectiveness [OR = 1.54, CI 1.14–2.08], and the lack of perceived barriers to HPV vaccination [OR = 4.46, CI 2.95–6.73] were also associated with acceptability. Conclusions: Although nearly half of MSM would not actively pursue HPV vaccination, the vast majority would accept the vaccine if recommended by HCPs. In order to achieve optimal uptake, vaccine promotion campaigns should focus on MSM who do not access SHCs and those unwilling to disclose their sexual orientation
High Temperature Tribological Properties of Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high performance polymer that can potentially replace metal components in some high temperature conditions where lubrication is challenging or impossible. Yet most characterisations so far have been conducted at relatively low temperatures. In this work, the tribological properties of PBI were examined with a steel ball-PBI disc contact at 280 °C under high load and high sliding speed conditions. The dry friction coefficient is relatively low and decreases modestly with increasing applied load. Surface analysis shows that PBI transfer layers are responsible for the low friction observed. In-situ contact temperature measurements were performed to provide for the first time direct links between the morphology and distribution of the transfer layer, and the temperature distribution in the contact. The results show that high pressure and high temperature in heavily loaded contacts promote the removal and the subsequent regeneration of a transfer layer, resulting in a very thin transfer layer on the steel counterface. FeOOH is formed in the contact at high loads, instead of Fe2O3. This may affect the adhesion between PBI and the counterface and thus influence the transfer layer formation process. To control PBI wear, contact temperature management will be crucial
Non-adaptive Measurement-based Quantum Computation and Multi-party Bell Inequalities
Quantum correlations exhibit behaviour that cannot be resolved with a local
hidden variable picture of the world. In quantum information, they are also
used as resources for information processing tasks, such as Measurement-based
Quantum Computation (MQC). In MQC, universal quantum computation can be
achieved via adaptive measurements on a suitable entangled resource state. In
this paper, we look at a version of MQC in which we remove the adaptivity of
measurements and aim to understand what computational abilities still remain in
the resource. We show that there are explicit connections between this model of
computation and the question of non-classicality in quantum correlations. We
demonstrate this by focussing on deterministic computation of Boolean
functions, in which natural generalisations of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger
(GHZ) paradox emerge; we then explore probabilistic computation, via which
multipartite Bell Inequalities can be defined. We use this correspondence to
define families of multi-party Bell inequalities, which we show to have a
number of interesting contrasting properties.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, final version accepted for publicatio
Bell Inequalities with Auxiliary Communication
What is the communication cost of simulating the correlations produced by
quantum theory? We generalize Bell inequalities to the setting of local
realistic theories augmented by a fixed amount of classical communication.
Suppose two parties choose one of M two-outcome measurements and exchange 1 bit
of information. We present the complete set of inequalities for M = 2, and the
complete set of inequalities for the joint correlation observable for M = 3. We
find that correlations produced by quantum theory satisfy both of these sets of
inequalities. One bit of communication is therefore sufficient to simulate
quantum correlations in both of these scenarios.Comment: 5 page
A systematic review of air pollution and incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Introduction: Studies have linked air pollution with the incidence of acute coronary artery events and cardiovascular mortality but the association with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is less clear. Aim: To examine the association of air pollution with the occurrence of OHCA.Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases (until February 2013) were searched. Search terms included common air pollutants and OHCA. Studies of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and OHCA not attended by paramedics were excluded. Two independent reviewers (THKT and TAW) identified potential studies. Methodological: quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: Of 849 studies, 8 met the selection criteria. Significant associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure (especially PM2.5) and OHCA were found in 5 studies. An increase of OHCA risk ranged from 2.4% to 7% per interquartile increase in average PM exposure on the same day and up to 4 days prior to the event. A large study found ozone increased the risk of OHCA within 3 h prior to the event. The strongest risk OR of 3.8–4.6% per 20 parts per billion ozone increase of the average level was within 2 h prior to the event. Similarly, another study found an increased risk of 18% within 2 days prior to the event.Conclusions: Larger studies have suggested an increased risk of OHCA with air pollution exposure from PM 2.5 and ozone
Outcome Independence of Entanglement in One-Way Computation
We show that the various intermediate states appearing in the process of
one-way computation at a given step of measurement are all equivalent modulo
local unitary transformations. This implies, in particular, that all those
intermediate states share the same entanglement irrespective of the measurement
outcomes, indicating that the process of one-way computation is essentially
unique with respect to local quantum operations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Lie group weight multiplicities from conformal field theory
Dominant weight multiplicities of simple Lie groups are expressed in terms of
the modular matrices of Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theories, and
related objects. Symmetries of the modular matrices give rise to new relations
among multiplicities. At least for some Lie groups, these new relations are
strong enough to completely fix all multiplicities.Comment: 12 pages, Plain TeX, no figure
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