Gender Segregation in Tourism: A Comprehensive Literature Survey and Policy Recommendations for the Post-COVID Era

Gender segregation in the tourism industry is a critical issue from the lens of the sustainable development goals in the contemporary world. Although it’s not an emerging phenomenon, COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the situation. In this context, this study has two main purposes. First, it intends to examine the gender segregation in the tourism labor force with a comprehensive literature survey. And second, it aims to develop policy implications for the post-COVID era. By means of these purposes, it’s intended to fill the gap in the literature in the axis of post-COVID foresights and policy options. In this respect, after a detailed introduction, the first section is devoted to different dimensions of gender segregation in the tourism industry. Following this background, the second section is attributed to a comprehensive literature review. Then, the third section is assigned to policy implications for the post-COVID era. Lastly, the conclusion gives a synthesis for the gender segregation in tourism labor force and its near future

Endogenous Determination of FDI Growth and Economic Growth:The OECD Case

This paper tests the endogenous relationship between FDI growth and economic growth using a panel dataset for 23 OECD countries for the period 1975-2004. In particular we estimate a two-equation simultaneous equation system with the generalized methods of moments (GMM) that treats economic growth and FDI growth as endogenous variables. We find that FDI growth and economic growth are significant determinants of each other. We also find that export growth rate and human capital are statistically significant determinants of both FDI growth and economic growth. Our findings lead us to conclude that FDI growth and economic growth have an endogenous relationship.FDI growth, economic growth, Panel Data, GMM

Does Information and Communication Technologies Sustain Economic Growth? The Underdeveloped and Developing Countries Case

This paper tests the impact of ICT on economic growth for underdeveloped and developing countries by using a panel dataset for the period of 1995-2006. We first develop the theory between ICT and economic growth. We show that ICT capital has a positive effect both on long-run and transitional income per capita, if it is considered as a factor of production. Next, we estimate a panel data set with 131 underdeveloped and developing countries under the assumption that ICT is one of the determining factors of economic growth. We find that ICT has positive and significant effect on economic growth even after the use of some control variables.ICT, economic growth, Panel Data, GMM, human capital, developing countries, underdeveloped countries

Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Economic Issues in a Globalizing World

Competitiveness of manufacturing industry is regarded as one of the basic determinants of long run sustainable growth of a country. Therefore it is important to have an understanding of relative positions of countries in terms of competitiveness and determinants of competitive ability. This study aims to reveal the standing of Turkey in a group of countries and analyze determinants of competitive ability. The competitive industrial performance (CIP) index, taken to be an indicator of relative competitive ability, has been calculated for a sample of 33 countries for years 1985, 1990, 1998 and 2002. Panel data methods then have been employed to reveal sources of competitive ability. Conducted analysis reveals Turkish manufacturing industry to be lagging behind many of the sample countries and presents a grim picture for sustainable development in medium and long run.CIP index, Turkey, manufacturing industry, Competitiveness

Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Economic Issues in a Globalizing World

This paper tests the endogenous relationship between FDI and economic growth using a panel dataset for 23 OECD countries for the period 1975-2004. Following the literature, we treat economic growth and FDI as endogenous variables, and estimate a two-equation simultaneous equation system with the generalized methods of moments (GMM) for the OECD case. We find that FDI and growth are important determinants of for each other. We also find that export growth rate is statistically significant determinant of FDI and economic growth. Our results indicate that there is an endogenous relationship between FDI and economic growth.FDI, growth

Vertical Intra-Industry Trade: An Empirical Examination of the Austria’s Auto-Parts Industry

A distinctive feature of present globalization is the development of international production sharing activities i.e. production fragmentation. The increased importance of fragmentation in world trade has created an interest among trade economists in explaining the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in intermediate goods. In this study the extent of IIT in Austria’s auto-parts trade is analyzed by decomposing Austria’s auto-parts trade into one-way trade, vertical IIT and horizontal intra-industry trade IIT. Then development of the vertical IIT in the auto-parts industry, as an indicator for international fragmentation of production process between Austria and its 29 trading partners, is examined and various country-specific factors suggested by fragmentation literature are tested using newly developed panel econometrics techniques and more recent data from 1996 to 2006. The results show that a substantial part of IIT in the Austrian auto-parts industry was vertical IIT and the econometric results mainly support the hypothesis drawn from the fragmentation results. In particular, the findings show that the extent of Austria’s vertical IIT in auto-parts is positively correlated with average market size, differences in per capita GDP, and foreign direct investment while it is negatively correlated with distance.Vertical intra-industry trade, Fragmentation, Austrian auto-parts industry, Panel data techniques

Effectiveness of Dance Movement Therapy on the Quality of Gait and Socialization of Children with Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of dance movement therapy (DMT) on the quality of gait and socialization of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants (N=44) were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group based on their diagnoses of hemiplegic (n=22) or diplegic (n=21) CP, with one misdiagnosed. The subjects, aged six to 12 (M = 8.4) diagnosed level I or II in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), were from an outpatient rehabilitation center in Istanbul, Turkey. Measures of velocity, stride length and cadence were obtained by a registered physical therapist using Motion Analysis. Measures of social skills and problem behaviors were also obtained by psychologists using the Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) before and after intervention. The intervention group (n=23) received 45 minutes of dance movement therapy (DMT) and the control group (n=21) received art activities (AA). Each group participated in the group setting three times a week for 10 sessions followed by post-tests. The results for the SSRS test indicated a significant difference increasing in social skills for the DMT group over the AA group. The DMT group also exhibited a significant difference in cadence compared to the control group. The other gait parameters, velocity and stride length, also increased in DMT group. Cohen’s d test (d=0.45 – for stride length, d= 0.46 – for velocity) indicated there was a medium effect size. These findings offer evidence that DMT intervention over a brief time was effective in improving socialization and increasing quality of gait for children with CP

Currency unions, export margins, and product differentiation: an empirical assessment for European Monetary Union

This paper reconsiders the trade effects of the euro, providing a decomposition into its effects on the extensive margin and intensive margin. Furthermore, it relates the more disaggregated estimates for 93 two-digit HS product groups to the elasticity of substitution, thereby testing a key hypothesis of recent trade theory. The estimates for the period 1996-2011 suggest a trade effect of the euro of some 28 percent, which has mainly materialized through the intensive margin. For several product groups, we find a negative net effect of the euro on the extensive margin, supporting anecdotal evidence that firms have consolidated their product varieties in response to the elimination of exchange rate variability. Finally, the disaggregated estimates are in line with recent trade theory, suggesting that a large elasticity of substitution dampens the effect of a trade cost reduction on the extensive margin and amplifies its effect on the intensive margin