DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF FORSKOLIN BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop buccal mucoadhesive microspheres of Forskolin (FSK) for hypertension. Methods: The microspheres were prepared by orifice ionic gelation method using different ratios of Sodium alginate and Kondagogu gum. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study shows that drug and other excipients are compatible with each other. A 22 full factorial design was applied to optimize the formulation considering concentration of Sodium alginate and Kondagogu gum as independent variables; % swelling index and In vitro % muco adhesion as dependent variables. Results: The prepared formulations were characterized for % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro drug release. Microspheres prepared with the ratio of sodium alginate: kondagogu gum (1:1.5) showed swelling index 37±3 % and in vitro mucoadhesion 73±3%. SEM images confirmed that microspheres are a hollow spherical structure to a smooth surface morphology. The drug entrapment efficacy of all the formulations was in the range of 58.42±1.2–79.52±1.5 %. Conclusion: The values of coefficient correlation (r) were calculated and were found to be zero order release from prepared formulation (K2)

Microbial prevalence and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in diabetic infections

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PRO-VESICULAR (PV)-BASED GEL FOR THE TOPICAL DELIVERY OF NAPROXEN: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VIVO EVALUATION

ObjectiveThe objective of the present investigation was to develop and characterize a vesicular drug carrier system (Proliposomes) for topical delivery of naproxen to overcome the gastrointestinal complications occurred when taken by oral route. Methods Proliposomes were prepared by film deposition on carrier method and characterized for size, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, drug content, percentage yield. Proliposomal gels were prepared by using 1percent carbopol as a polymer and gels were evaluated for PH, viscosity, in-vitro, ex-vivo, pharmacodynmic studies and stability studies. The size and surface morphology were studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results     The maximum entrapment efficiency of reconstituted liposomes was 96percent whereas drug content in Proliposomes was found to be more than 90percent. FTIR studies showed no possible interaction between drug and excipients. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies shows that liposomes not only enhance the penetration of drug molecules but also help to localize the drug within the skin indicating sustain release of drug. In-vivo studies concluded that proliposomal gel shows greater percentage of inhibition of paw oedema when compared to marketed gel.ConclusionIt was found that Proliposomes exhibited more stability as compared to liposomes. Hence Proliposomes drug delivery system was better choice for sustained release of drug through topical drug delivery.Key words: Naproxen, liposomes, Proliposomes, sustained release, transdermal delivery

Extreme Peripheral Blood Plasmacytosis Mimicking Plasma Cell Leukemia as a Presenting Feature of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL).

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is one of four major subtypes of nodal peripheral T cell lymphoma, characterized by its cell of origin, the follicular helper T-cell (TFH). Patients typically present with prominent constitutional (B) symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, and rash. Here we present a case of a 62-year-old male with progressive cervical adenopathy, fevers and weight loss presenting with extreme polyclonal plasmacytosis and high plasma EBV viral load. While the initial presentation appeared to mimic plasma cell leukemia or severe infection, lymph node biopsy and bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AITL. This case highlights the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of AITL to enable physicians to more promptly recognize, diagnose and initiate treatment

Impact of dietary and lifestyle choices on menstrual patterns in medical students

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate average age of menarche, the pattern and types of menstrual disorders and their relation with BMI, dietary habits, physical exercise and stress.Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted on female medical students during the academic year 2018-2019 at Mallareddy medical college for women, Suraram, Hyderabad, India. The various life style factors including BMI, junk food consumption and physical exercise were factored. Prevalence of each different menstrual abnormality were identified and analyzed by Chi-squire test and p value <0.005 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Study included 255 medical students who had attained menarche without known medical problems. Mean age of menarche was 12.81years. The most frequent menstrual disorders were premenstrual syndrome 192 (75 %), dysmenorrhoea 146 (57 %), and irregular cycle 97(38%). Statistically significant association of Body mass index (BMI) related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhoea was reported (both p<0.05). Similarly, statistically significant association of lack of physical activity had greater risk of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhoea (both p<0.0001). Unhealthy dietary patterns had statistically significant higher risk for dysmenorrhoea (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In conclusion premenstrual symptoms, dysmenorrhoea and menstrual irregularities were more prevalent. Majority of symptoms were stress, pain abdomen, irritability, mood swings. Comprehensive education programs on lifestyle modifications like regular physical activities, promoting healthy eating habits should be emphasised to prevent menstrual abnormalities of young students as early as at school level

PRE-MARITAL SCREENING TESTS OF β-THALASSEMIA TRAIT IN DAKSHINA KANNADA POPULATION OF KARNATAKA

Objective: β-Thalassemia is one of the familiar single gene disorders which passes from parents to offspring. The prevalence of β-thalassemia trait varies from 1-14% in different regions of India. Every year almost 9000 β-thalassemic major children are being born in the Indian sub-continent. In the present study, the prevalence of β-thalassemia trait was checked and some screening tests were performed to detect it among the Dakshina Kannada population of Karnataka.Methods: A total of 800 youngsters were selected for the study, males being above 21 y and females above 18 y. Two ml of blood was drawn and collected in K2 EDTA bottles and complete hemogram was immediately checked. Samples which have Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)&lt;80 fico litres(fl) were selected for the study. Five discriminant functions were calculated. NESTROFT (Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test) was performed in all the samples. The samples which show positive for NESTROFT and at least 2 discriminant functions were further checked for HbA2 level using cellulose acetate electrophoresis to confirm the β-thalassemia trait. A comparison was made with the normal samples which have MCV ˃ 80fl.Results: Prevalence of β-thalassemia trait was found to be 5.125 % in this population. The obtained values were analyzed using unpaired Student's‘t' test using GraphPad prism (Version-3.0). Samples of β-thalassemia trait have significant changes in the white blood corpuscles (WBC p=0.1266), red blood corpuscles (RBC p=0.0130), hemoglobin (Hb p&lt;0.0001), hematocrit (HCT p&lt;0.0001), MCV(p&lt;0.0001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH p&lt;0.0001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC p&lt;0.0001), platelets (PLT p=0.0005), HbA2(p&lt;0.0001) compared to normal controls.Conclusion: The present study shows that the people with β-thalassemia trait have a significant variation in complete hemogram compared to normal; NESTROFT and discriminant functions can be used for the screening of β-thalassemia trait in the population

DITHIOCARBAMATE SUBSTITUTED PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES: IN SILICO EXPERIMENTS, SYNTHESIS, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Objective: The present study was designed to study the anticancer activity of a series of novel analogs of phenothiazine with dithiocarbamate as a side chain. Methods: A novel series of derivatives containing dithiocarbamate as a side chain at the tenth position of phenothiazine nucleus were synthesized, characterized by spectral analysis, and evaluated for their antimitotic and antioxidant activity using germinated Bengal gram seeds and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, respectively. A quantitative estimate of drug-likeness was also performed, which calculated the molecular properties and screened the molecules based on drug-likeness rules. Further, molecular docking study was performed for finding the binding affinity with tubulin protein to rationalize their anticancer activity. Results: The results revealed that the antioxidant activity of compounds 3e, 3g, 3i, 3j and standard Ascorbic acid were 10 mmol, 14 mmol, 16 mmol, 16 mmol and 35 mmol, respectively. Further compounds 3e, 3g, 3h and 3i have shown promising antimitotic activity. Compound 3i (-9 K. Cal/mol) showed the highest binding energies towards tubulin protein when compared to standard drug colchicine (-8.6 K. Cal/mol). Among all, compound 3i showed promising antimitotic and antioxidant activity, which correlated with insilico docking studies. Conclusion: Dithiocarbamate substituted phenothiazine derivatives proved to be encouraging leads as tubulin inhibitors

AN OVERVIEW TOWARDS FLYOVER CONSTRUCTION FOR LESSENING CONGESTION OF TRAFFIC

While the traffic on road is increasing day by day and there is no space left in both dimensions, and finally the only option left is to go to third dimension and that is made all the way through flyover construction. Flyover is a bridge that carries one road or else railway line above another moreover with or lacking subsidiary roads, for communication connecting the two. The main purpose is to get better present state of affairs vastly and make association of traffic convenient to possible extend, although a completely difference free situation cannot be understood. Scope of work includes collection of data concerning existing pavement crust composition as well as features and existing sub grade type conditions

Multi-frequency Ferromagnetic Resonance Investigation of Nickel Nanocubes Encapsulated in Diamagnetic Magnesium Oxide Matrix

Partially aligned nickel nanocubes were grown epitaxially in a diamagnetic magnesium oxide (MgO:Ni) host and studied by a continuous wave ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy at the X-band (9.5 GHz) from ca. 117 to 458 K and then at room temperature for multiple external magnetic fields/resonant frequencies from 9.5 to 330 GHz. In contrast to conventional magnetic susceptibility studies that provided data on the bulk magnetization, the FMR spectra revealed the presence of three different types of magnetic Ni nanocubes in the sample. Specifically, three different ferromagnetic resonances were observed in the X-band spectra: a line 1 assigned to large nickel nanocubes, a line 2 corresponding to the nanocubes exhibiting saturated magnetization even at ca. 0.3 T field, and a high field line 3 (geff ∼ 6.2) tentatively assigned to small nickel nanocubes likely having their hard magnetization axis aligned along or close to the direction of the external magnetic field. Based on the analysis of FMR data, the latter nanocubes possess an anisotropic internal magnetic field of at least ∼1.0 T in magnitude