A Study of Functional Outcome of Proximal Tibial Fractures Treated by Internal Fixation using Plateosteosynthesis

INTRODUCTION: The knee joint is one of the three major weight bearing joints in lower extremity. The proximal tibial plateau fractures with extension into articular surfaces are difficult to treat. It results from direct axial compression, usually with a varus and valgus moment and also indirect shear forces. The proximal tibial plateau fractures management is still evolving. Open reduction and internal fixation techniques (ORIF) enable us to restoration of the joint congruency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 patients were admitted with clinical and radiological diagnosis of Proximal tibial plateau fractures in Coimbatore medical college Hospital from May 2016 to September 2018 were included in the study. They were operated through Anterolateral, Posteromedial or combined approaches and functional outcome were assessed during follow up. RESULTS: The functional outcome of knee was evaluated postoperatively at regular interval in all patients using Rasmuseen score. In our study, 26 cases were treated by ORIF Technique of which 16 patients had excellent results, 6 cases had good results, fair in 2 cases, and 2 cases of poor results. Deep infection was occurred in one patient in post operative site. CONCLUSION: Fracture of proximal tibia are the results of high-energy trauma. Treatment of intra-articular tibial plateau fractures is an unsolved problem. The Choice of surgical procedure and implant should be based on the patient bone quality, fracture pattern and intraoperative fracture reduction

Automatic Irrigation System

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. Irrigation is a basic determinant factor of Agriculture and it is the most powerful constrains on the increase of agricultural production. Irrigation is affected by highly inadequate quantity and quality of water, soil and minerals which are the most essential components. Since, it is hardly available in our country, it is necessary to use a suitable method which subsequently reduces human effort and to increase the productions amidst of the consequences such as leaching of nutrients from soil and water. The main objective of this paper is to use an efficient method of irrigation using the recent trends of our growing technology. It is by using mobile apps or remote control systems which is known as Automatic Irrigation System, which will be of great use to farmers that can be used from home. In this system, the GSM receives message from the user and sends to the microcontroller through which the action is implemented. Thus, this system can be efficiently used for soil and water management through Automation

ANTICANCER EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA ON MAMMARY CARCINOMA IN RATS WITH REFERENCE TO GLYCOPROTEIN COMPONENTS, LYSOSOMAL, AND MARKER ENZYMES

  Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the anticancer potential of Annona squamosa (AS) against 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in rats.Methods: The tumor was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by gastric intubation of 25 mg DMBA in 1 ml olive oil. After 3 months of induction period, the methanolic extract of AS at different doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg body weight were administered orally a dose per day to mammary carcinoma-bearing rats for 45 days. The serum and tissue levels of glycoprotein components as well as the activities of marker enzymes and lysosomal enzymes were measured in DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma-bearing rats.Results: Administration of AS resulted in decrease in the levels of marker and lysosomal enzymes and also alterations in the body weight and tumor volume were also restored to near normalcy in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study indicate that AS has anticancer effect and it exhibits its potential effect at the dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight in mammary carcinoma-bearing rats.Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the methanol extract of AS possesses anticancer properties. Further study is needed to isolate the active principle of this extract responsible for anticancer activity to develop the future pharmaceuticals

DC UPS for Critical Loads

The usual way to avoid a computer shutdown during a mains failure is to connect an  uninterruptible power supply system (UPS), which can be suitably modified and fitted inside the computer cabinet by the use of proposed methodology known as a dc UPS.  Conventional desk top UPS systems store electricity in form of chemical energy in batteries and when ever mains fail the batteries provide DC power which is then converter to ac by inverter and then fed to the computer in order to save critical data.  Thus power from mains or from UPS is fed to switched mode power supply unit which converts it to dc to  supply the computer motherboard and accessories.  Leaving the case of the computer powered by mains, duing power failure the dc power is unnecessarily converted to ac and then to dc again in SMPS hence high switching losses and heat is produced there by making the entire system very lowe efficient.  In this work it is proposed to directly feed the dc power from the battery to the computer SMPS system by building a UPS arrangement within the computer system.  This not noly saves space, it is highly efficient compared to the conventional ups system, easy to carry, low cost and reliable since there is no change over operation is required/.  A complete design of an ac to dc power supply with an internal dc UPS is presented in this paper. . A prototype has been fully developed and tested as a PC power supply. Thus the result is achieved at full power about 6-8 minutes

Full Thermoelectric Characterization of Stoichiometric Electrodeposited Thin Film Tin Selenide (SnSe)

Tin selenide (SnSe) has attracted much attention in the thermoelectric community since the discovery of the record figure of merit (ZT) of 2.6 in single crystal tin selenide in 2014. There have been many reports since of the thermoelectric characterization of SnSe synthesized or manufactured by several methods, but so far none of these have concerned the electrodeposition of SnSe. In this work, stoichiometric SnSe was successfully electrodeposited at −0.50 V vs SCE as shown by EDX, XPS, UPS, and XRD. The full ZT of the electrodeposits were then measured. This was done by both a delamination technique to measure the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity which showed a peak power factor of 4.2 and 5.8 μW m–1 K–2 for the as deposited and heat-treated films, respectively. A novel modified transient 3ω method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the deposited films on the deposition substrate. This revealed the thermal conductivity to be similar to the ultralow thermal conductivity of single crystal SnSe, with a value of 0.34 W m–1 K–1 being observed at 313 K

Analysis of Emission and Fuel Economy in a Plug in Hybrid Vehicle Using Various Control Strategies

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) differ from hybrid vehicles (HEVs) with their capability to use off-board electricity generation to recharge their battery. Electric vehicles are highly emerging for transportation purpose, which have been developed over the past several decades due to various environmental concerns. Pure electric vehicles currently do not have adequate range when powered by batteries alone and also recharging of it requires several hours. The shortcoming raised with the standalone energy source powered electric vehicle made to think about an alternative option for an electric vehicle and motivated towards the hybridization of energy sources in electric vehicle. This paper analyzes the equivalent power circuit and operation principles of a PHEV using UDDS and NEDC driving pattern. Regenerative braking also provides an effective way of extending the driving range of battery powered electric vehicles. Conventional automobiles use Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) to operate with the energy source from fossil fuels. However, the conventional vehicle system provides limited fuel economy, as well as producing harmful air pollutants. A Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has been introduced which operates within its all electric range. Which have high capacity of energy storage system. PHEVs used to charge the battery from electricity grid, which differs from the traditional Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The plug in hybrid electric vehicle is instigated for enhancing the vehicle performance by improving the fuel economy, effectively capturing the regenerative braking energy by controlling the Battery State of Charge (SoC) level within the optimal upper and lower bound that would improve the battery life, eliminating the fuel starvation problem and maximizing the drivability of the vehicle through an optimized distribution of the required power to the load. The proposed work is focused on designing a gasoline based Hybrid Electric Vehicle includes the modelling of hybrid energy sources and other interfacing structures

Developing a Relational View of the Organizing Role of Objects: A study of the innovation process in computer games

Innovation processes create distinctive challenges for coordination. Objects are seen as supporting coordination in such settings by enabling the emergent action needed to deal with a dynamic and uncertain process. Thus, previous work has highlighted the role of different types of objects in coordinating the collaborative tasks undertaken by expert groups, either by motivating the creation of new knowledge or through the translation of understanding. Through an empirical study of innovation processes in the computer games sector, our paper adds to this previous work by finding that the relations between objects, and not the objects alone, help to orchestrate multiple collaborative tasks towards a final outcome within temporal and resource constraints. The relational view which emerges from this study shows how such a ‘system of objects’ is able to stabilize coordination of the process while preserving the emergence and autonomy of games developer practices needed to achieve innovation

Light-Induced Reversible DNA Ligation of Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices

DNA-mediated self-assembly of nanoparticles has been of great interest because it enables access to nanoparticle superstructures that cannot be synthesized otherwise. However, the programmability of higher order nanoparticle structures can be easily lost under DNA denaturing conditions. Here, we demonstrate that light can be employed as an external stimulus to master the stability of nanoparticle superlattices (SLs) via the promotion of a reversible photoligation of DNA in SLs. The oligonucleotides attached to the nanoparticles are encoded to ligate using 365 nm light, effectively locking the SLs and rendering them stable under DNA denaturing conditions. The reversible process of unlocking these structures is possible by irradiation with light at 315 nm, recovering the structures to their natural state. Our work inspires an alternative research direction toward postassembly manipulation of nanoparticle superstructures using external stimuli as a tool to enrich the library of additional material forms and their application in different media and environments

HDAC inhibitor confers radiosensitivity to prostate stem-like cells

Background: Radiotherapy can be an effective treatment for prostate cancer, but radiorecurrent tumours do develop. Considering prostate cancer heterogeneity, we hypothesised that primitive stem-like cells may constitute the radiation-resistant fraction. Methods: Primary cultures were derived from patients undergoing resection for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia. After short-term culture, three populations of cells were sorted, reflecting the prostate epithelial hierarchy, namely stem-like cells (SCs, α2β1integrinhi/CD133+), transit-amplifying (TA, α2β1integrinhi/CD133−) and committed basal (CB, α2β1integrinlo) cells. Radiosensitivity was measured by colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and DNA damage by comet assay and DNA damage foci quantification. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to measure heterochromatin. The HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor Trichostatin A was used as a radiosensitiser. Results: Stem-like cells had increased CFE post irradiation compared with the more differentiated cells (TA and CB). The SC population sustained fewer lethal double-strand breaks than either TA or CB cells, which correlated with SCs being less proliferative and having increased levels of heterochromatin. Finally, treatment with an HDAC inhibitor sensitised the SCs to radiation. Interpretation: Prostate SCs are more radioresistant than more differentiated cell populations. We suggest that the primitive cells survive radiation therapy and that pre-treatment with HDAC inhibitors may sensitise this resistant fraction