A Study on Variation Technique in Courses on Scientific Computing

The background of this study is a project aiming at assessing the quality of teaching and learning in scientific computing in different cultural settings. This, we hope will lead us to constructing standards, which can provide outcomes of comparable quality in scientific computing in different countries and societies. Specifically we want to gain insight which quality benchmarks are suitable for the project. The tool we use in teaching is a set of variation techniques. The presented pilot study aims at the examination of the role variation theory for the quality of elementary courses in scientific computing. Earlier studies by others confirmed that variation theory offers a comprehensive set of variables characterizing teaching, well described and easy to follow and measure and which can result in improving teaching. The main data for this investigation was collected via interviewing students

Gas6 Downregulation Impaired Cytoplasmic Maturation and Pronuclear Formation Independent to the MPF Activity

Previously, we found that the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) is more highly expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes than in metaphase II (MII) oocytes using annealing control primer (ACP)-PCR technology. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of Gas6 in oocyte maturation and fertilization using RNA interference (RNAi). Interestingly, despite the specific and marked decrease in Gas6 mRNA and protein expression in GVs after Gas6 RNAi, nuclear maturation including spindle structures and chromosome segregation was not affected. The only discernible effect induced by Gas6 RNAi was a change in maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity. After parthenogenetic activation, Gas6 RNAi-treated oocytes at the MII stage had not developed further and arrested at MII (90.0%). After stimulation with Sr2+, Gas6-silenced MII oocytes had markedly reduced Ca2+ oscillation and exhibited no exocytosis of cortical granules. In these oocytes, sperm penetration occurred during fertilization but not pronucleus (PN) formation. By roscovitine and colcemid treatment, we found that the Gas6 knockdown affected cytoplasmic maturation directly, independent to the changed MPF activity. These results strongly suggest that 1) the Gas6 signaling itself is important to the cytoplasmic maturation, but not nuclear maturation, and 2) the decreased Gas6 expression and decreased MPF activity separately or mutually influence sperm head decondensation and PN formation

Staging Science : Some aspects of the production and distribution of science knowledge

The dissertation presents a phenomenological view on the interaction between science knowledge and prescientific knowledge. Drawing on Husserl, Merleau-Ponty and Lévinas the human bodily grounded existence is described, the central feature of this existence being its responsivity to the Other. This responsivity is presented as the starting point for the production of science knowledge, thus making science knowledge always situated as knowledge-put-to-use. The presentation is using the metaphor of a "stage of events", which presents events as if staged on a "theatrical stage". To exemplify the production of science knowledge against the background of human bodily existence the discovery of the aetiology of puerperal fever by Semmelweis, and the attempt to construct a "musical model" of the universe by Johannes Kepler, are used. The two examples are presented as following a pattern of circularity: a "circuit of responsivity" is set off by viewing of a situation as presenting a difficulty, something to be amended. This ensues the translation to the "stage of events" of science knowledge, where problems can be formulated in a strict way, ideally already implying solutions. These latter must then be translated back onto the "stage of events" of the non-scientific everyday life, in order to evaluate their relevance for the originary situation, where amendment is sought. Some difference is seen between the two examples. Subsequently, two examples from school biology teaching (in a Swedish comprehensive school) are analysed (using a phenomenological approach, based on Husserl's transcendental phenomenology), interpreted, and discussed, using the metaphor of the "(theatrical) stages of events". The interaction between the "stages of events" of science (biology) and "everyday, non-scientific life" results in the construction of a "stage of school science (biology)". This leads to a specific construction of the human body in biology education, leading to a specific way of constructing human responsibility towards other life-forms, the environment etc - human beings are by biology education entitled to help themselves to the environment without limitations. There are certain gender aspects discernible in classroom interactions in one of the examples. The two historical examples serve as a part of the background of the discussion. The current debate on school science curriculum is providing further ingredients of that background