Electronic structure of single-wall silicon nanotubes and silicon nanorribons: Helical symmetry treatment and effect of dimensionality

Helical method of tube formation for band structure calculations and Hartree-Fock self-consistent field method (HF-SCF) modified for periodic solids have been applied in study of electronic properties of single-wall silicon nanotubes (SWSiNT), graphene-like parent 2D-hP silicone sheet and nanoribbons (SiNR). The results obtained for nanotubes of the length of ${\approx}$ 358 \AA in diameter range ${\approx}$ 3.7 \AA -- 116 \AA of different helicity-types have shown that only small-diameter SWSiNTs up to} ${\varphi}${6.3 \AA ~ are metallic due to the effect of curvature which induces coupling of}{${\sigma}$}{and}{${\pi}$}{orbitals. From the calculated band structures follow that irrespective of helicity, the SWSiNTs of larger diameter are all small-gap semiconductors with direct gap between the Dirac-like cones of}(${\pi}$\textsuperscript{*}, ${\pi}$) bands{.}Gap of SWSiNTs exhibits, however, an oscillatory-decreasing character with increase of the tube diameter. In the oscillatory series, minima of the gap in {\textquotedblleft}saw-teeth{\textquotedblright} pattern are reached for helicity numbers m \textsubscript{a} that are an integer multiple of 3, whilst m\textsubscript{a} value itself directly determine the fold-number of particular tubular rotational axis symmetry. Oscillations are damped and gap decreases toward {${\approx}$ 0.33 eV} for tube diameter {${\approx}$ 116 \AA .} {Irrespective of the width, the SiNRs are all small-gap semiconductors, characteristic by oscillatory decreasing gap with increasing ribbon widths. The gap of SWSiNTs and SiNRs is tuneable through modulation of tube diameter or ribbon width, respectively.Comment: submitted for publicatio

Innovation failure in the eye of the beholder: Towards a theory of innovation shaped by competing agendas within higher education

This paper examines a case of perceived innovation failure in higher education, a service dominated by conflicting institutional logics of professionalism and markets. Through a mixed methodology investigating student attitudes to, and behaviour around, technological innovation, the paper makes a contribution to the public service innovation literature by focusing on duality in innovation outcomes. This is suggestive of an innovation typology in public services: professionalism-driven and consumerism-driven innovation

Social innovation as a contested term? The role of social innovation and resource constraints in the work of social enterprise

Social enterprises have emerged as an alternative to existing business models focused primarily on profitability, as organisations pursuing a strong social goal operating at the intersection of public, private and third sectors. The thesis aims to understand the impact of resourcing on how social enterprises carry out their work. The research addresses the following questions: First, what outcomes do social enterprises seek to deliver in local communities and for whom? Second, how are social enterprises adapting in light of resource constraints? Third, what defines social innovation within a social enterprise context? Fourth, what is the perceived usefulness of social innovation for social enterprise actors? Twenty-two semi-structured interviews with UK social enterprise leaders were generated and analysed through a Grounded Theory approach. The study found that social enterprises typically face resource and capability constraints, and that social enterprise actors reconfigure the existing resource base to adapt to institutional pressures and ensure survival. This study develops the conceptual and theoretical understanding of social innovation, including the normative uses and mixed outcomes of social innovations. The thesis proposes a model of the strategies employed by social enterprise to overcome resource constraints, these include bricolage, social innovation, social capital and tactical mimicry. The thesis adds to existing knowledge within management theory in social entrepreneurship focused on the development of social enterprise (organisational hybrids). The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed in the conclusions along with limitations of the study and avenues for future research

Does Loading Ammonium to Sorbents Affect Plant Availability in Soil?

Sorption to cheap sorbents can be used to concentrate nutrients from liquid waste streams and make them into fertilisers. In this study we assess how plant available is ammonium nitrogen (N) sorbed to three sorbents, and if the potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions after a non-growing season is affected by sorption. Ammonium-N labelled with N15 was sorbed to biochar, bentonite and zeolite. Treatments where N was sorbed and where N and sorbents were applied separately were tested in a pot experiment with wheat, and soil samples were then frozen and dried to simulate non-growing seasons. After thawing and re-wetting, GHG emissions from the soil were assessed. There was no difference between sorption treatments in biomass or N uptake or fertiliser N left in the soil, and little difference between sorption treatments in gas emissions after the non-growing seasons was seen. We conclude that ammonium applied sorbed to these sorbents is as plant available as ammonium applied the conventional way. GHG emissions at the beginning of the next season are also not affected by ammonium applied sorbed.Does Loading Ammonium to Sorbents Affect Plant Availability in Soil?publishedVersio

Cheers to Haptic Sensations and Alcohol Consumption: How Glassware Weight Impacts Perceived Intoxication and Positive Emotions

People often consume alcohol as a means of emotional control. More specifically, people frequently consume alcohol to enhance positive feelings (e.g., happiness) and reduce negative feelings (e.g., stress, tension). The results of two field studies and one laboratory study showed that holding the volume of alcohol consumed constant and varying the haptic (i.e., weight) sensations individuals experience during consumption can influence these emotional responses and also perceived intoxication. Specifically, we manipulated haptic weight sensations by varying the weight of the cup/container (e.g., champagne flute) alcohol was consumed from and showed that consuming champagne from lighter (vs. heavier) flutes leads to enhanced positive feelings, reduced negative feelings, and increased perceived intoxication

Do Children go to Field? - The State of Outside-The-School Environmental Education in the Case of Downtown Budapest Schools

In the rapidly evolving world of the 21st century scientific knowledge is becoming more and more valuable Today s engineering and technological developments are inconceivable without specialists with excellent scientific knowledge But how can today s young people be interested in science In our opinion this is no longer possible with traditional methods practice-oriented experiential pedagogy is needed for this preferably in a natural environment But what can a downtown school do if it wants to hold a science class outside the school building We are looking for the answer to this in our stud

When imperfect is preferred:the differential effect of aesthetic imperfections on choice of processed and unprocessed foods

Some companies design processed foods to contain aesthetic imperfections such as non-uniformities in shape, color, or texture. Simultaneously, consumers annually discard millions of pounds of unprocessed, safe-to-eat fruits and vegetables owing to aesthetic imperfections. Why design processed foods with aesthetic imperfections when people discard unprocessed foods because of them? Seven studies, including a choice study at a grocery store and an incentive-compatible study, show that the effect of aesthetic imperfections on consumer preferences depends on whether foods are unprocessed or processed. While imperfections negatively influence preferences for unprocessed foods, they positively influence preferences for processed foods. We attribute this preference shift to consumers making opposing inferences about the human care involved in producing aesthetically imperfect processed and unprocessed foods. Building on research highlighting the positive effects of human presence in production, we thus show that perceived care drives food choice. We discuss implications for product design, retail promotion, and sustainability

Beyond Strong Coupling in a Massively Multimode Cavity

The study of light-matter interaction has seen a resurgence in recent years, stimulated by highly controllable, precise, and modular experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The achievement of strong coupling, where the coupling between a single atom and fundamental cavity mode exceeds the decay rates, was a major milestone that opened the doors to a multitude of new investigations. Here we introduce multimode strong coupling (MMSC), where the coupling is comparable to the free spectral range (FSR) of the cavity, i.e. the rate at which a qubit can absorb a photon from the cavity is comparable to the round trip transit rate of a photon in the cavity. We realize, via the circuit QED architecture, the first experiment accessing the MMSC regime, and report remarkably widespread and structured resonance fluorescence, whose origin extends beyond cavity enhancement of sidebands. Our results capture complex multimode, multiphoton processes, and the emergence of ultranarrow linewidths. Beyond the novel phenomena presented here, MMSC opens a major new direction in the exploration of light-matter interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. References added, typos correcte