Innovation and experiential knowledge in firm exports: Applying the initial U-model

AbstractFocusing on firm export activity as an important field within international business, this study corroborates the importance of experiential knowledge as the initial Uppsala model predicts. The model builds on the belief that experiential knowledge minimizes the risk and uncertainty of export operations. Additionally, the article examines a firm's capacity to widen this knowledge through its dynamic capacities, honing in on a firm's learning function. Thus, this article analyzes the role of innovation in exporting by investigating export product innovation and export market innovation, both strategic activities that allow experiential knowledge acquisition. The article uses a firm-level official dataset from a small developing country, Chile, examining data from 2006 to 2011. The results indicate, firstly, that experiential knowledge resulting from exporting to different and geographically distant markets increases the firm's export activity. Secondly, such export market innovation takes precedence over export product innovation

Achievement of developmental milestones in young adults after liver transplantation in childhood

Little is known about the achievement of developmental milestones (i.e., COL) after pediatric liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to examine the COL of young adults who underwent a liver transplantation during childhood and to compare it to healthy peers. Furthermore, we studied factors possibly related to their COL. COL was assessed using the CLQ, which assesses the achievement of developmental milestones (autonomy, psychosexual, social, and antisocial development) and risk behavior (substance abuse and gambling). Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were collected using the prospective institutional liver transplantation database. A total of 39 young adults who underwent a liver transplantation at the UMCG in their childhood completed the CLQ. They achieved fewer milestones with regard to autonomy, psychosexual, and social development compared to healthy peers, and they reported less risk behavior. Neither age at the time of study nor age at the time of transplantation was significantly correlated with any of the COL subscales. Young adults show delay in reaching developmental milestones in every dimension after a liver transplantation during their childhood