Badania beztłoczyskowego siłownika pneumatycznego z przeniesieniem magnetycznym

The article presents the results of experimental and numerical tests of a rodless actuator with magnetic transfer. The study concerns the dynamic operation of the actuator. A series of measurements of pressure variability as a function of the distance and speed of the actuator’s operation on a real stand were performed. The study was repeated by modeling the system in the FluidSim environment. The obtained variation waveforms were compared with the real ones in order to determine the suitability of this type of tool for testing actuators.W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i numerycznych siłownika beztłoczyskowego z przeniesieniem magnetycznym. Badanie dotyczy pracy dynamicznej siłownika. Wykonano szereg pomiarów zmienności ciśnień w funkii drogi i prędkości działania siłownika na stanowisku rzeczywistym. Powtórzono badanie modelując układ w środowisku FluidSim. Uzyskane przebiegi zmienności porównano z rzeczywistymi, w celu określenia przydatności tego typu narzędzia do badań siłowników

Układ wizyjny wspomagający pilota w warunkach zmiennego oświetlenia

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of contemporary optoelectronic systems supported by image processing algorithms in aviation. Optoelectronic systems can support the pilot’s work or the work of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operator after being installed in the cockpit of the pilot or in a ground station. The origin of the problem is related to the aspects of safe operation of the aircraft in the conditions of dynamically changing ambient light observed by the aircraft pilot or operator monitoring the monitor at the ground station and observing the image from the camera installed on the UAV. The proposed solution is to help avoid situations in which the pilot’s/operator’s situational awareness deteriorates due to strong optical phenomena.Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zademonstrowanie możliwości zastosowania współczesnych układów optoelektronicznych wspomaganych przez algorytmy przetwarzania obrazu w lotnictwie. Układy optoelektroniczne mogą wspomóc pracę pilota lub pracę operatora bezzałogowego statku powietrznego (BSP) po zainstalowaniu w kabinie pilota bądź w stacji naziemnej. Geneza problemu jest związania z aspektami bezpiecznej eksploatacji statku powietrznego w warunkach dynamicznie zmieniającego się oświetlenia otoczenia obserwowanego przez pilota samolotu lub operatora śledzącego monitor w stacji naziemnej i obserwującego obraz z kamery zainstalowanej na BSP. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie ma pomóc uniknąć sytuacji, w których świadomość sytuacyjna pilota/operatora pogarsza się na skutek silnych zjawisk optycznych

A Vision-Based Method for Determining Aircraft State during Spin Recovery

This article proposes a vision-based method of determining in which of the three states, defined in the spin recovery process, is an aircraft. The correct identification of this state is necessary to make the right decisions during the spin recovery maneuver. The proposed solution employs a keypoints displacements analysis in consecutive frames taken from the on-board camera. The idea of voting on the temporary location of the rotation axis and dominant displacement direction was used. The decision about the state is made based on a proposed set of rules employing the histogram spread measure. To validate the method, experiments on flight simulator videos, recorded at varying altitudes and in different lighting, background, and visibility conditions, were carried out. For the selected conditions, the first flight tests were also performed. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted using a multimedia data annotation tool and the Jaccard index, respectively. The proposed approach could be the basis for creating a solution supporting the pilot in the process of aircraft spin recovery and, in the future, the development of an autonomous method

Example of using computer engineering programs for systems of the pneumatics in students education

W artykule podano sposób przeprowadzenia doboru podstawowych parametrów elementów napędowych i sterujących. Ich charakterystyki zobrazowano, podając wyniki komputerowej symulacji działania podstawowego układu napędowego.In the article the manner of conducting the selection parameters of the controls and drive components. Their characteristics were illustrated the results of the computer simulation of the primary drive system

An Original System for Controlling the Speed of Movement of Pneumatic Drives in Rehabilitation Devices

The aim of the article is to present an original method of speed control and simultaneous stroke of the piston rods of two pneumatic cylinders using potentiometric position transducers, pneumatic solenoid valves, properly scaled throttle-check valves, solenoid valves and a microcontroller with power modules for solenoid valves. Initial experimental studies of the control system for simultaneous displacement of two piston rods of pneumatic actuators were carried out. The purpose of the research was to obtain the characteristics of the displacement of the extension of two pneumatic drives. The obtained results were analyzed. The results of the measurements confirmed the possibility of applying the presented control to rehabilitation devices for passive exercises of the lower extremities. The advantage of the proposed control system is its reaction speed, which is a response to changes in operating conditions of a given actuator, such as: external disturbances, own resistance of the controlled device, frictional resistance or movement caused by the patient exercising on the rehabilitation device moved by these actuators

On the Disintegration of A1050/Ni201 Explosively Welded Clads Induced by Long-Term Annealing

The paper presents the microstructure and phase composition of the interface zone formed in the explosive welding process between technically pure aluminum and nickel. Low and high detonation velocities of 2000 and 2800 m/s were applied to expose the differences of the welded zone directly after the joining as well as subsequent long-term annealing. The large amount of the melted areas was observed composed of a variety of Al-Ni type intermetallics; however, the morphology varied from nearly flat to wavy with increasing detonation velocity. The applied heat treatment at 500 °C has resulted in the formation of Al3Ni and Al3Ni2 layers, which in the first stages of growth preserved the initial interface morphology. Due to the large differences in Al and Ni diffusivities, the porosity formation occurred for both types of clads. Faster consumption of Al3Ni phase at the expense of the growing Al3Ni2 phase, characterized by strong crystallographic texture, has been observed only for the weld obtained at low detonation velocity. As a result of the extended annealing time, the disintegration of the bond occurred due to crack propagation located at the A1050/Al3Ni2 interface