Carbohydrates Impact in Type 2 Diabetes in Cats

Diabetes is one of the most commonly diagnosed endocrine diseases in cats. Of all types of diabetes, type II is the most frequent one, 80% of the diabetic cats have type II diabetes. Even though it’s a multifactorial disease, obesity was found to be the most important risk factor in developing diabetes, obesity increases the chances of developing this disease to up to 4 times. The study was conducted on a number of 9 cats with uncomplicated diabetes with the purpose of monitoring the effects of the commercial dry food (with a high percentage of carbohydrates) and the commercial canned food (with a higher percentage of proteins and a lower percentage of carbohydrates) on the glycemic index. For this study, we considered the occasional administration of raw chicken and turkey meat because it wasn’t given for a long enough period of time. The diet is very important for diabetic cats because a lot of sick cats enter remission after a couple of months of being fed wet canned food and they no longer need the administration of insulin, but owners are instructed to carefully monitor glycaemia for the rest of the pet’s life

The importance of balanced diets administration and vitamin-mineral supplements in puppies and adult dogs

Balanced is a term that may be applied to a diet, ration, or feed having all the required nutrients in proper amount and proportion based upon recommendations of recognized authorities in the field of animal nutrition, such as the NRC, for a given set of physiological requirements. Growth is one period where concerns are frequently reported, as this is one of themost nutritionally demanding life stages, and deficiencies and excesses are manifested quite rapidly. Minerals and vitamins are part of the diet, providing the energy for growth and activity. Individual variation, increased growth rate and/or level of activity may lead to exceeding the daily requirements of minerals and vitamins and thus to disturbance of skeletal growth as a cause of frequently diagnosed orthopedic diseases. Growth rates of young dogs are affected by the nutrient density of the food and the amount of food fed. It is important that puppies be fed to grow at an optimal rate for bone development and body condition rather than at a maximal rate. This study includes 8 dogs all different breeds. The study covers the correction of bone deformities when dogs are given a balanced diet along with vitamin mineral supplements. To obtain the proper information, correct diagnosis and a treatment plan a clinical exam was given to each dog. Radiology reports/images were obtained, as well as blood tests. Once results were collected it is clear supermarket puppy food that does not contain minimum 1.2 - 1.8% CA and 0.8 -1.6% P can lead to bone deformities such as "rickets". Premium dog food and vitamin supplements should be given to small to medium breeds four months to one year old, and larger breeds one and a half to two years old

Assessment of feed quality and contamination of feedstuffs with total aflatoxin and zearalenone in a dairy cow farm in Bistrița-Năsăud County

This study was conducted in a dairy cattle farm in Bistrița-Năsăud County. Assessments were made over the fodder used to feed dairy cows and mycotoxic load. Feed samples were collected two times, first in the fall of 2019 and again in the fall of 2020 from different places from the same batch and they were conditioned shortly after harvest by drying and grinding. A total of 8 samples were collected from the farm and they represent the total of all feed used in the livestock feed in that farm. All of the forages were organoleptically analyzed, we determined the chemical composition; dry matter, crude protein composition, ether extract, crude cellulose, crude ash and nitrogen free extract. Zearalenone and Total Aflatoxins were also determined from each of the samples using RIDASCREEN® test, which are an competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Zearalenone was detected in all the samples analyzed with values between 43.83 and 1054.03 μg/kg in 2019 and in 2020 with values between 103.45 and 1818.23 μg/kg. 75% of the samples analyzed in 2019, 50% of the samples analyzed in 2020 exceeding the maximum permissible limit in the European Union (EU). Total Aflatoxins were detected in all the samples analyzed, with values between 0.361 and 2.35 μg/kg, without exceeding the maximum permissible limit in EU

The importance of computerized rations and their impact in a dairy cow farm in the Botoșani region

The nutrition of dairy cows plays a very important role especially in terms of farm economy, efficiency and health of dairy herds. Unfortunately, in many farms this aspect is treated superficially and economic efficiency is not maximized in order to obtain the highest milk yields and efficient use of feed. In view of the above, we have chosen this topic in order to achieve the most efficient computerized ration in the herd under study. In this case we followed, over a period of 10 weeks, the impact of the computerized ration and the control ration on milk production both in terms of quantity and quantity, and on feedstuff usage optimization. Another aspect followed was the economics of forage and finance in the farm. The study also relied on chemical analysis of the feed to determine the quality of the feed. For this we determined the chemical composition of the feed by looking at the amount of protein, cellulose, fat, then followed the actual implementation of the ration and at the end all the data was collected to show the efficiency of this study. There were two experimental batches, grouped by weight and productivity, also the control batch was followed. During the 10 weeks we noticed that the feed quantity was lower and the milk yields remained relatively constant with little impact on milc chemical composition. In this way we have successfully highlighted the importance of implementing such specialized computer software in a dairy farm where rations are made without a scientific basis

Assessment of digestibility and fecal score of raw meatbased diet (B.A.R.F.) in dog feeding

The aim of this study was to determine digestibility in the B.A.R.F (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food) diet. The study was performed on a number of 5 dogs, from which fecal samples and a sample of their ration were collected over a period of 5 days. Some of the reasons for owners to choose this diet were: longer and healthier life, lack of dental tartar, no smell of the oral cavity, the appearance of fur, solving dermatological problems, lower fecal volume and lower defecation frequency, more energy and less expensive. One of the benefits of the BARF diet is the reduced volume of feces, due to optimal digestion and high absorption. Once one makes the switch to the BARF diet one will notice that their pet will defecate less and its consistency will be compact, dark in color. Exceptions occur when the diet is not properly balanced. Following the determination of the digestibility of the BARF diet in dogs, we obtained high values especially for protein (96.55%) and fat (99%). The value obtained for mineral substances of organic origin was also high (54%). We consider that the high digestibility is due to a very good adaptation of the digestive tract to the natural ingredients used in the diet

Comparative ionogram assessment before and after probiotic treatment for healthy dogs and dogs with apparent dysbiosis

Probiotics are considered live formulas composed by microorganisms that, when administered in appropriate amounts, produce a beneficial effect to the host. The effect of probiotics is present both in the gastrointestinal tract and systemically. For this reason, a noteworthy aspect is the impact that these formulas have on commonly systemic investigated parameters. Of these, the main ions are dosed in order to clarify various aspects, being used as a marker in various pathologies. The aim of the present study was to make a comparison between the values of the main ions (calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium) obtained before and after a 30-day probiotic treatment. The study population was represented by two groups of dogs: group 1- healthy dogs (n = 5) and group 2- dogs with apparent dysbiosis (n = 6). The treatment was performed with a probiotic product consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici, for 30 days. The analyzed samples were blood serum samples obtained by centrifugation and separation from blood samples collected on anticoagulant on day 0 and day 31 of the study, respectively. Analyzes were performed by dry biochemistry methods using the VetScan biochemistry analyzer. The results obtained by ionograms suggest that probiotic treatment does not have a direct influence on the values of the main ions, neither in the group of healthy dogs nor in the group of dogs with apparent dysbiosis. Variations in ion values were considered physiological, and could not be directly attributed to the treatment performed. In conclusion, the probiotic composed of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and P. acidilactici does not directly influence the values of the main ions, and can be considered safe for administration in both healthy dogs and dogs with gastrointestinal manifestations

The influence of a probiotic product with Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici on some hematological and clinical parameters of healthy dogs

The study was conducted at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca (Romania) in the animal physiology department, between May 2018 and June 2019. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a probiotic product with Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici on healthy dogs. The probiotic was administered orally once a day to six healthy adult dogs from 1 year to 7 years old for a period of 30 days. The dogs entering the study were submitted to a general clinical examination. At day 1 and day 31/36 of the study, blood samples was collected and haematological parameters were evaluated. The objectives of the research were multiple. First of all, we observed whether the probiotic influenced the general health of the dogs and changes in clinical parameters. Then, the dynamics of the haematological parameters was identified. The in vivo study showed the safety of the probiotic product on healthy dogs and the minimal impact on hematologic parameters. In fact, no adverse reactions were observed

Impact on the growth parameters and microbial populations of probiotics and prebiotics on rabbits raised in the household system

The investigations and laboratory determinations were performed within the disciplines of Nutrition and Microbiology of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. The breeding of rabbits and the collection of samples took place in the own household from Sărata locality, Bistrița-Năsăud county. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in feeding rabbits raised in the household system. For this experiment, 12 rabbits, common breed, 55 days old, raised in the household system were used. The basic feed ration was a commercial concentrated, ground feed in which the probiotic (Enteroferm® 35G), 0.15 g / kg feed, containing cultures of Enterococcus faecium, the prebiotic (Inulin FOS, ZENYTH), were incorporated, 25 g / kg fodder, powder obtained from chicory root (Cichorium intybus), which contains polysaccharides with a prebiotic role (inulin and fructooligosaccharide - FOS) and a synbiotic (mixture of the two), in the same doses. There were 4 groups of 3 individuals as follows: group number 1, control, group number 2, probiotic, group number 3, prebiotic and group number 4, synbiotic. In addition to the concentrated feed, good quality natural hay and water were added, both the feed and the water were administered ad libitum. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the amount of feed consumed by each group and the weight of each rabbit were determined weekly for 8 weeks. Based on these data, the final average weight of each group, the total feed consumption of each group, the weekly weight increase for each group, the average weekly and final feed conversion rate were calculated. Samples were also collected from the rectum, before and after treatment with probiotics and prebiotics, to determine their impact on the composition of the bacterial flora at this level. The determinations performed yielded clearly superior results in favor of the experimental groups compared to the control group, highlighting group 2, consisting of rabbits treated with probiotics