14 research outputs found

    Tantra and Pramāáč‡a. A Study of the SāramañjarÄ«

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    [Italiano]: La SāramañjarÄ« di Samantabhadra (ca. metĂ  del IX secolo d.C.) Ăš un commento al Samantabhadrasādhana di Jñānapāda (ca. fine dell'VIII secolo d.C.), un manuale di meditazione del Guhyasamājatantra. Il libro presenta la prima edizione critica del testo sanscrito nonchĂ© la prima traduzione inglese di una lunga porzione dedicata alla giustificazione logica della pratica del binduyoga. Il libro contiene anche un’introduzione generale all’opera e un’introduzione filosofica ai suoi contenuti./[English]: PĂ©ter-DĂĄniel SzĂĄntĂł is an Associate Professor and Head of Department at ELTE Budapest. He was a post-doctoral researcher at Merton College, All Souls College, Oxford, Hamburg University and Leiden University. His primary interest is the literature and history of Indian Esoteric Buddhism

    Bethlenfalvy GĂ©za (1936‒2021)

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    A harmadik szinapszis. Molekulåris kölcsönhatåsok az elhaló sejtek és az azokat eltåvolító makrofågok, dendritikus sejtek között. = The third synapsis. Molecular interactions between dying cells and macrophages or dendritic cells.

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    A tudomĂĄnyos iskola keretĂ©ben Ășj interdiszciplinĂĄris kutatĂĄsi terĂŒlet megteremtĂ©sĂ©re kerĂŒlt sor az apoptĂłtikus sejtek Ă©s az azokat eltĂĄvolĂ­tĂł sejtek közötti harmadi szinapszis tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsĂĄra. MegĂĄllapĂ­tottuk, hogy a transzglutaminĂĄz 2 (TG2) enzim szerepet jĂĄtszik az apoptotikus sejtek eltĂĄvolĂ­tĂĄsĂĄban, az enzim hiĂĄnyĂĄban autoimmun kĂłrkĂ©p alakĂșl ki. A TG2 bejuthat a sejmagba, sejtbiokĂ©miai hatĂĄsa összefĂŒgg gĂ©nkifejezƑdĂ©s befolyĂĄsolĂĄsĂĄval. Alzheimer kĂłrban a TG2 rĂ©sztvesz kovalensen összekötött fehĂ©rje aggregĂĄtumok lĂ©trehozĂĄsĂĄban. A TG2 vĂ©dƑhatĂĄst fejt ki a sejtelhalĂĄssal szemben mĂĄjsejtekben Ă©s szĂ­vizomsejtekben G fehĂ©rje, ill. protein diszulfid izomerĂĄz aktivitĂĄsĂĄval. A PPAR? szerepet jĂĄtszik az apoptĂłtikus sejteket eltĂĄvolĂ­tĂł fagocitĂĄlĂł kĂ©pessĂ©g kialakĂ­tĂĄsĂĄban fokozva fagocitĂłzis gĂ©nek kifejezƑdĂ©sĂ©t. A PPAR?, a retinoid receptor Ă©s az LXR receptor szignĂĄl utak összekapcsolĂłdnak a makrofĂĄgok koleszterol szintjĂ©nek szabĂĄlyozĂĄsĂĄban. A PPAR? aktivĂĄciĂł hatĂĄsĂĄra a dendritikus sejekbƑl fokozott fagocitĂłzisra, hatĂ©kony lipid prezentĂĄciĂłra Ă©s iNKT aktivitĂĄsra kĂ©pes alpopulĂĄciĂł alakul. Apopto-fagocita Taqman Low Density Array-t fejleszttĂŒnkl 94 gĂ©n mennyisĂ©gi kifejezƑdĂ©se vizsgĂĄlatĂĄra. Az autofĂĄgiĂĄval elhalĂł sejtek eltĂĄvolĂ­tĂĄsa szintĂ©n fagocitĂłzissal törtĂ©nik, specifikus gĂ©nek indukĂĄlĂłdnak. A dendritikus sejtek kölcsönhatĂĄsa apoptĂłtikus vagy nekrotikus sejtekkel alkalmas az immunvĂĄlasz finom szabĂĄlyozĂĄsĂĄra. | In the supported Research School a new interdisciplinary research area has been developed to study the third synapse formed between apoptotic cells and those which engolfe them. It has been established that the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme plays an important role in the clearance of apoptotic cells, the lack of this enzyme leads to autoimmune disease. TG2 can enter the nucleus and its cell biochemical effects are related to modulation of gene expression and modification of the cytoskeleton. In Alzheimer's disease TG2 participates in the formation of covalently cross-linked protein aggregates. TG2 can protect hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes against apoptosis through its G protein and protein disulphide isomerase activities. PPARÎł contributes to the development of phagocytic capacity of macrophages by inducing specific phagocytic genes. The PPARÎł, rretinoid and LXR receptor signal pathways are interlinked in regulating cholesterol content of cells. Activation of PPARÎł in dendritic cells leads to the development of a subpopulation with increased phagocytic capacity, effective lipid presentation and iNKT activity. An apopto-phagocytic Taqman Low Density array has been developed for quantitative measuring of 94 genes in parallel. Cells dying by autophagy are removed by the same mechanism as apoptotic cells while specific phagocytic genes are induced. Dendritic cells interacting with apoptotic cells can fine tune the immune system

    Early Exegesis of the Guhyasamāja: Philological Notes on the Vyavastholi of Nāgabuddhi: ç”°äž­ć…Źæ˜Žă€æą”è””ćŻŸç…§ 『 ćź‰ç«‹æŹĄçŹŹè«– ă€ç ”ç©¶ / Kimiaki Tanaka, Samājasādhana-Vyavastholi of Nāgabodhi/Nāgabuddhi: Introduction and Romanized Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2016

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    SzĂĄntĂł PĂ©ter-DĂĄniel. Early Exegesis of the Guhyasamāja: Philological Notes on the Vyavastholi of Nāgabuddhi: ç”°äž­ć…Źæ˜Žă€æą”è””ćŻŸç…§ 『 ćź‰ç«‹æŹĄçŹŹè«– ă€ç ”ç©¶ / Kimiaki Tanaka, Samājasādhana-Vyavastholi of Nāgabodhi/Nāgabuddhi: Introduction and Romanized Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2016. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient. Tome 102, 2016. pp. 437-450

    A Kāvyādarƛa Tibetben

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    Az alĂĄbbi rövid tanulmĂĄny egyfajta kezdƑcsomag a szanszkrit kāvya tibeti karrierjĂ©nek tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsĂĄhoz. KĂ©t korĂĄbban megjelent tanulmĂĄnyomon alapul, ugyanakkor a 2009. Ă©vi Csoma-emlĂ©kĂŒlĂ©sen felvolvasott elƑadĂĄsom bƑvĂ­tett Ă©s jegyzetekkel ellĂĄtott vĂĄltozata. Rövid bevezetƑ utĂĄn a ’kāvya’ meghatĂĄrozĂĄsĂĄnak Ă©s a fogalom pontos ĂĄtĂŒltethetƑsĂ©gĂ©nek problĂ©mĂĄit tĂĄrgyalom. EzutĂĄn bemutatom az egyik legkorĂĄbbi kāvyaƛāstrĂĄt, Daáč‡ážin mƱvĂ©t, amelyet a 13. szĂĄzadban fordĂ­tottak tibetire. A következƑ alfejezet tĂ©mĂĄja a fenti mƱ bemutatĂĄsa az egyik Ășn. Alexanderkönyvben. KitĂĄgĂ­tva a lĂĄtĂłkört ĂĄttĂ©rek a kāvya tibeti befogadĂĄsĂĄnak Ă©s tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsĂĄnak nĂ©hĂĄny kĂ©rdĂ©sĂ©re: kik voltak Daáč‡ážin mƱvĂ©nek legfontosabb kommentĂĄtorai, milyen ellenvetĂ©seket sorolnak fel ezekeben a munkĂĄkban, Ă©s hogyan utasĂ­tjĂĄk el ezeket az ellenvetĂ©seket. KövetkeztetĂ©skĂ©ppen rĂĄmutatok arra, hogy a kāvya tibeti fogadtatĂĄsa nem volt teljesen zavartalan. Az utĂłszĂłban kiemelem, hogy a tĂ©makörben mĂ©g rengeteg a felfedezetlen terĂŒlet

    Kimiaki Tanaka, The Mañjuvajramukhyākhyāna, A ritual manual belonging to the Jñānapāda school of the Guhyasamāja-tantra: Introduction, Romanized Sanskrit Text and Related Studies, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2018.

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    SzĂĄntĂł PĂ©ter-DĂĄniel. Kimiaki Tanaka, The Mañjuvajramukhyākhyāna, A ritual manual belonging to the Jñānapāda school of the Guhyasamāja-tantra: Introduction, Romanized Sanskrit Text and Related Studies, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2018.. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient. Tome 105, 2019. pp. 375-379

    Kimiaki Tanaka, Samantabhadra nāma sādhana-áč­Ä«kā: Introduction, Romanized Sanskrit Text and Translation, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2017

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    SzĂĄntĂł PĂ©ter-DĂĄniel. Kimiaki Tanaka, Samantabhadra nāma sādhana-áč­Ä«kā: Introduction, Romanized Sanskrit Text and Translation, Tokyo, Watanabe Publishing Co., Ltd., 2017. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient. Tome 103, 2017. pp. 570-574

    AƛvaghoáčŁa, GyĂĄszbeszĂ©d

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    Preliminary Notes on the Mahāmudrātilaka: Contents, History, Transmission

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    This short essay is an introduction to the study of the Mahāmudrātilaka (‘An Ornament of the Great Seal’), an important Buddhist tantric scripture of the Hevajra cycle. The text is a so-called uttaratantra (ancillary scripture) of the Hevajratantra. This cult emerged around ca. 900 CE in Eastern India and quickly rose to a position of prominence. In order to illustrate this point, first I discuss some historical references to the Hevajra cult: a lexicographical work, inscriptions, and testimony in ƚaiva exegesis. I then contextualise the Mahāmudrātilaka among the Hevajra ancillary scriptures and share some notes on the purpose of such texts. I argue that such scriptures were meant to update a cult’s ritual and doctrinal palette in order to keep up with developments seen (and thought desirable to have) in rival schools. In the next section, I present the only known Sanskrit manuscript of the Mahāmudrātilaka, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz Orientabteilung Hs. or. 8711, a late Nepalese copy dated 1827 CE, which can be shown to be a copy of a Vorlage dating to 1204 CE. Next, I compare the text transmitted therein to the Tibetan translation, Tƍh. 420, and identify them as two recensions. I then proceed to discussing exegesis on the Mahāmudrātilaka, the works of *GambhÄ«ravajra and *PrajñāƛrÄ«gupta; these texts are for now available only in their Tibetan translation. I also identify some testimonia of the Mahāmudrātilaka. Using all this evidence, I argue that the text cannot be much earlier than the late 11th century. Next, I present an overview of the text by means of examining selected passages and their most significant features, with special focus on the differences and similarities with the Hevajratantra, the internal references to other scriptures, and the text’s significant parallels with the Vajramālābhidhāna. I argue that the text is unapologetically antinomian and gnostic. In the second half of the paper, styled as an appendix, I select five blocks of verses, which I edit and translate: the first deals with the relationship between initiating master and disciple, the second provides some insights into the attitudes of tantric practitioners towards orthodox Buddhists, the third contains detailed instructions on how to gather the antinomian substances known as ‘nectars’, the fourth deals with communal worship in a rite known as the gaáč‡acakra, and the final one describes a somewhat rare and rather gruesome ritual meant to bestow the power of flight
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