Tourism Diplomacy: A Feasible Tool of Building Nation’s Image through Tourism Resources. A Study on Bangladesh

All stakeholders of the tourism industry are consciously or subconsciously promoting their county to boost its tourism export. That’s why tourism is regarded as a hidden export and import industry. The actual base of tourism diplomacy is the application of soft power that covers people, culture, heritage, tradition, history, nationalism, national pride, hospitality, sports, tourism project, nature, prominent person and the participation of international peace mission. This study will reveal the secret pattern of tourism diplomacy and how it can play a crucial role to build up international bonding by breaking down the icy relationship between or among the nations through culture, tradition and heritage. This study figures out how Bangladesh can pertain tourism diplomacy to retain its country interest through representing its tourism resources to stakeholders in the international relationship. Moreover, it includes several ideas and factors of diplomacy though which tourism can play a role of creating peace among different counties of the world. Keywords: tourism diplomacy, sustainable development, tourism export, green politics. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-24-10 Publication date:August 31st 202

Hydrogen-rich water: a key player in boosting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling growth and drought resilience

Abstract In the modern world, wheat, a vital global cereal and the second most consumed, is vulnerable to climate change impacts. These include erratic rainfall and extreme temperatures, endangering global food security. Research on hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has gained momentum in plant and agricultural sciences due to its diverse functions. This study examined the effects of different HRW treatment durations on wheat, revealing that the 4-h treatment had the highest germination rate, enhancing potential, vigor, and germination indexes. This treatment also boosted relative water content, root and shoot weight, and average lengths. Moreover, the 4-h HRW treatment resulted in the highest chlorophyll and soluble protein concentrations in seeds while reducing cell death. The 4-h and 5-h HRW treatments significantly increased H2O2 levels, with the highest NO detected in both root and shoot after 4-h HRW exposure. Additionally, HRW-treated seeds exhibited increased Zn and Fe concentrations, along with antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, APX) in roots and shoots. These findings suggest that HRW treatment could enhance wheat seed germination, growth, and nutrient absorption, thereby increasing agricultural productivity. Molecular analysis indicated significant upregulation of the Dreb1 gene with a 4-h HRW treatment. Thus, it shows promise in addressing climate change effects on wheat production. Therefore, HRW treatment could be a hopeful strategy for enhancing wheat plant drought tolerance, requiring further investigation (field experiments) to validate its impact on plant growth and drought stress mitigation