The Latest Generation of Intraocular Lenses, the Problem of the Eye Refraction after Cataract Surgery

Nowadays cataract surgery is refractive surgery as well. Intraocular lens implantation is gold standard, but there is plenty types of intraocular lenses, monofocal, multifocal, accommodating, and toric. Problem is to pick up correct one according life style, profession, health status and age. The aim is review current possibilities in cataract, refractive surgery and aphakia management

EXAMINATION OF THE VISUAL ACUITY ON THE LCD OPTOTYPE WITH WHOLE-LINE AND INTERPOLATION METHOD

The goal of this work is to show the possibility of us using the LCD optotype in common optometrist practice. Furthermore two commonly used methods for measuring visual acuity will be compared. 69 respondents were used for the measurements. The respondents were divided into two groups according to the measured LCD optotype. The visual acuity was measured using the whole-line method on modified Snellen charts as well as the interpolation method on ETDRS charts. Measurements were taken on the Sloan letters and on the Landolt rings. The charts for the before mentioned methods were selected according to everyday optometrist practice. The results show the test-retest variability (reliability) of given methods. By comparing the results the precision of a given method can by estimated. The results show that the two methods do not give the same resulting values of visual acuity. Measuring the visual acuity has great importance since it serves as a basis for following examinations for eye pathologies.ontact lenses usually serve for vision correction. Other possibilities of contact lenses use are in therapeutic as well as in diagnostic areas. Important factors for comfortable and safe use of contact lenses are correct application and correctly chosen type of contact lenses. However, a system of care plays also a very important role. The care does not include only the lens itself but also a contact lens case that is used to store contact lenses when they are not in use

Intravitreal Bevacizumab with or Without Triamcinolone for Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema

We evaluate the effect of intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab (IVB) alone or combined with triamcinolone (IVT) in the first injection for treatment of refractory diabetic macular oedema (DME). Sixty eyes of sixty patients with refractory DME were included. Half of the receive injections of IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) or combined IVB and IVT (1.25 mg/0.05 mL and 2 mg/0.05 mL respectively). The primary outcome measure was change in central macular thickness (CMT). Secondary outcome measures were change in best-corrected logMAR visual acuity (BCVA) and incidence of potential adverse events. Central macular thickness was reduced significantly in both the IVB and IVB/IVT groups. At week 24, CMT change compared to the baseline was –95.7 mm (95% CI, –172.2 to –19.26) in the IVB group and –92.1 mm (95% CI, –154.4 to –29.7) in the IVB/IVT group. There was not a significant difference between the IVB and the IVB/IVT groups (p= 0.022). Improvement of BCVA was initiated at weeks 6 and 12 in the IVB/IVT and IVB groups respectively. In terms of BCVA change compared to the baseline at 24 weeks, the differences between the IVB and the IVB/IVT groups (p=0.006) were significant. Anterior Chamber reaction was noticed in six (20%) and six (20%) eyes respectively in the IVB and IVB/IVT groups the day after injection, and it resolved with no sequel. Elevation of IOP occurred in two eyes (6%) in the IVB/ IVT group. Intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab had a beneficial effect on refractory DME in terms of CMT reduction and BCVA improvement. Addition of triamcinolone in the injection seemed to induce earlier visual improvement; however, it did not show any significant additive effect later during follow-up

Epidemiology and Quality of Life of Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

It is well known that age-related macular degeneration (AMD), besides glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, represents a major cause of low vision and blindness throughout the world. In this study, specific causal factors of AMD are analyzed, emphasizing the causal role and effects of sunlight, no matter which part of its spectrum, in a longer exposition through life. The accent is also put on the influence of lifestyle as well as vitamin and antioxidants supplementation in development or prevention of AMD

Correlation of Age-Related Cataract Density Graded by the Scheimpflug Imaging System with Visual Function and Phacoemulsification Energy

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lens density in age-related cataract and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the impact of cataract grade assessed via 3D lens densitometry by Pentacam Nucleus Grading System (PNS) on Phacodynamics (phaco-time and phaco-energy). To achieve the aim 55 patients with age-related cataract were evaluated. Lens density was assessed using the PNS. BCVA was tested with Snellen chart. Surgery was performed with no adjustment of parameters and phaco-energy-time was monitored. The correlations between the lens density, BCVA and phaco-energy/time were analyzed. There was a negative linear correlation between lens density and BCVA and positive correlation between density and total dissipated phaco-energy. The cataract PNS grade negatively correlated with the visual function. The positive correlation was found between the lens density and phacoemulsification time and energy. The Scheimpflug optical densitometry offers objective grading and can be used both for prediction and for monitoring of the condition. PNS enables to predict phacodynamics and the most suitable phaco settings to minimize the disturbance of the eye during surgery