5 research outputs found
Les Chauves-souris de Guyane
Ce livre sâadresse autant au grand public quâaux naturalistes. Un texte scientifiquement rigoureux, mais accessible Ă tous, dĂ©crit les principaux traits biologiques des chauves-souris de Guyane, suivi par une clĂ© illustrĂ©e permettant de dĂ©terminer, Ă partir de caractĂšres externes, la majeure partie des 100 espĂšces recensĂ©es dans le dĂ©partement. Les photos de 57 espĂšces sont prĂ©sentĂ©es sur des planches en couleurs, rĂ©vĂ©lant lâĂ©tonnante diversitĂ© des faciĂšs, consĂ©quences dâadaptations variĂ©es. Insectivores aux stratĂ©gies multiples, carnivores, pĂȘcheuses de poissons, chasseuses de grenouilles, buveuses de sang, mangeuses de fruits, consommatrices de nectars et de pollens, elles sont prĂ©sentes Ă tous les Ă©tages de la forĂȘt en adoptant des modes de vie souvent surprenants. Un chapitre est consacrĂ© Ă leur rĂŽle dans la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration forestiĂšre.</p
The latrine effect: impact of howler monkeys on the distribution of small seeds in a tropical rain-forest soil
Monkey and dung beetle activities influence soil seed bank structure
We investigated the influence of Neotropical dung beetles on soil seed bank structure after primary dispersal by the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus). We collected seeds from soil samples (up to 15 cm depth) in defecation versus control areas and showed that seed number and diversity increased with monkey frequentation. Seed numbers decreased with depth. Seed viability, ascertained from seed coat integrity, decreased with depth and was higher in sites rarely visited by monkeys compared to control areas or sites frequently visited by monkeys. In field experiments, we incorporated plastic beads (1.3 â 5.8 mm) to fresh dung and monitored bead fate: the proportion of beads found in the soil top 10 cm increased with bead size and this effect was more pronounced in sites more frequently visited by monkeys. The same conclusions were drawn by comparing the beads found in the topsoil and the beads found deeper. We explored bead processing behaviour in several tunneller and roller species by performing experiments involving one species at a time. We showed that selectivity was highly variable: bead exclusion from dung reserves was higher in small than in large beetle species, higher for large than for small beads. Differences in selectivity between medium an