49 research outputs found
Fast and simple method of morphine extraction from the blood
Wst臋p/Materia艂 i metody. W badaniu oceniano wydajno艣膰 ekstrakcji morfiny z krwi pe艂nej metod膮 ciecz-ciecz za pomoc膮 3 uk艂ad贸w rozpuszczalnik贸w organicznych.
Wyniki. Najwy偶szy procent odzysku morfiny z krwi (92,5%) obserwowano, stosuj膮c mieszanin臋 izopropanolu
i chloroformu (9:1), natomiast ni偶szy, cho膰 nadal zadowalaj膮cy, gdy u偶ywano acetonitrylu (72,7%) lub
dichlorometanu (67,1%).
Wnioski. Izolacja morfiny z krwi pe艂nej za pomoc膮 ekstrakcji ciecz-ciecz z zastosowaniem mieszaniny
izopropanolu i chloroformu jest metod膮 szybk膮, wydajn膮 i 艂atw膮 do przeprowadzenia w ka偶dym laboratorium.Background/Material and methods. In this study we evaluated the efficiency of morphine extraction from
the whole blood by liquid-liquid methods using three types of organic solvents.
Results. The highest average recovery rate was observed for the 9:1 mixture of isopropanol and chloroform
(92.5%). Lower, but still satisfactory, recovery rate was observed for acetonitril (72.7%) and dichloromethane
(67.1%).
Conclusions. Isolation of morphine from the whole blood by simple solvent extraction with isopropanol-chloroform mixture is fast, efficient and easily accessible for each laboratory
Development of rotor construction of cutting mills
W pracy przedstawiono analiz臋 rozwi膮za艅 konstrukcyjnych wsp贸艂czesnych uk艂ad贸w roboczych m艂yn贸w no偶owych, oraz dokonano oceny przyj臋tych rozwi膮za艅 w oparciu o relacje pomi臋dzy wydajno艣ci膮 rozdrabniania a zainstalowan膮 moc膮 silnika. Zaprezentowane analizy wskaza艂y, 偶e r贸偶nice w konstrukcji wirnika maj膮 decyduj膮cy wp艂yw na przeznaczenie m艂yna no偶owego.In the paper the analysis of rotor construction of cutting mills is present The aim of investigations was to determine an influence of rotor constr tion on the relation between cutting mill capacity and driving power. ( tained results indicated that rotor construction differences had a decis influence on cutting mill functioning
The Microcellular Structure of Injection Molded Thick-Walled Parts as Observed by In-Line Monitoring
The aim of the study was to detect the influence of nitrogen pressure on the rheological properties and structure of PA66 GF30 thick-walled parts, produced by means of microcellular injection molding (MIM), using the MuCell® technology. The process was monitored in-line with pressure and temperature sensors assembled in the original injection mold. The measured data was subsequently used to evaluate rheological properties inside an 8.4 mm depth mold cavity. The analysis of the microcellular structure was related to the monitored in-line pressure and temperature changes during the injection process cycle. A four-times reduction of the maximum filling pressure in the mold cavity for MIM was found. At the same time, the holding pressure was taken over by expanding cells. The gradient effect of the cells distribution and the fiber arrangement in the flow direction were observed. A slight influence of nitrogen pressure on the cells size was found. Cells with a diameter lower than 20 µm dominate in the analyzed cases. An effect of reduction of the average cells size in the function of distance to the gate was observed. The creation of structure gradient and changes of cells dimensions were evaluated by SEM images and confirmed with the micro CT analysis
Research on cutting process of selected porous thermoplastics
Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badania ci臋cia no偶owego tworzyw porowatych na przyk艂adzie wyt艂oczyn z poli(chlorku winylu) i polistyrenu. Stwierdzono, 偶e zawarto艣膰 fazy gazowej w strukturze polimer贸w ma istotny wp艂yw na obci膮偶enie uk艂adu roboczego rozdrabniacza. Wraz ze wzrostem ilo艣ci porofor贸w podzia艂 materia艂u przez ci臋cie zachodzi przy mniejszej warto艣ci si艂y tn膮cej. Korzystnym rozwi膮zaniem pod wzgl臋dem zu偶ycia energii na pojedyncze przeci臋cie jest zastosowanie no偶a ruchomego o k膮cie ostrza 30掳.Selected results of knife cutting of porous materials exemplified by extrudates of poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene are presented. It was found that a content of porous phase in the structure of polymers has a significant influence on the working system of cutting mill. A volume reduction by cutting at a lower cutting force occurs together with the increase of amount of blowing agent material. Advantageous solution in terms of energy consumption on a single cut is the application of movable knife with blade angle of 30掳
Improving the effectiveness of the mechanical recycling processes of thermoplastics with a porous structure
Przedstawiono uwarunkowania techniczne zwi膮zane z realizacj膮 proces贸w sk艂adowych recyklingu mechanicznego porowatych tworzyw termoplastycznych. Wskazano na istotny wp艂yw rodzaju i postaci odpad贸w porowatych na efektywno艣膰 przebiegu proces贸w ci臋cia, rozdrabniania, dozowania, a tak偶e wt贸rnego przetw贸rstwa wtryskowego. Wykazano, 偶e odpowiedni dob贸r warunk贸w technicznych umo偶liwia wytworzenie wyprasek wt贸rnych z pomini臋ciem fazy docisku i etapu regranulowania recyklat贸w.The paper presents technical conditions related to the implementation of component processes of mechanical recycling of thermoplastic materials with a porous structure. Significant influence of the type and form of porous waste on the efficiency of the processes of their cutting, grinding, dosing and also of secondary injection molding process was indicated. It has been shown that by appropriate selection of technical conditions, it is possible to produce molding parts, without the use the holding phase in the secondary injection molding and with complete elimination re-extrusion process
Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide produced by CFF method (Continuous Filament Fabrication)
The study presents the influence of content and orientation of continuous carbon fibers (CF) on the static tensile test results of a polyamide matrix (PA) composite, produced using Continuous Filament Fabrication (CFF) technology. Taking the polyamide鈥檚 crystalline structure into account, an attempt was also made to produce test specimens under various temperature conditions of the device chamber. The test samples were produced in use of the Mark Two device (Markforged, Great Britain). It has been shown that the content and orientation of the reinforcement in relation to the direction of stresses generated during the static tensile test, has a significant impact on the parameters determined in this test. The dependence presented in the article, confirms that materials in a thermoplastic matrix, reinforced with continuous fibers are a topic in line with the topic of current trends in fields of material engineering and design of structural products. The conducted research proves that the temperature in the working chamber of the Mark Two device affects formation of mechanical properties of PA+CF composites, fabricated using CFF technology. Manufacturing composites at elevated temperature resulted in significant decrease of E and Rm values for 4 out of five tests performed, but a considerable increase in their relative elongation at break was noticed
Computer simulation of thermoforming process and its verification using a rapid tooling mould
Effects of physical foaming of PA66 + 30%GF thick-walled parts
The paper presents the effect of gas dosing parameters on the microporous structure of physically foamed polyamide 66 reinforced with 30 wt% of glass fibers (PA66 + 30% GF). The thick-walled molding was used as the research object. To realize the research aim, simulation software was applied. The variable parameter in a research program was a dose of supercritical fluid, in this case, nitrogen. The tested properties of a cellular structure were: cell size, cell density and local density of a material. All the parameters were considered based on 30 measurement points evenly distributed in the central zone of the sample鈥檚 cross-sectional area. The largest size of pores was observed in the core region of molding for every amount of supercritical (SCF) fluid used. It was shown that regardless of the amount of gas, the pore size increases as a function of the distance from the mold cavity surface until it achieves a constant value. However, the most rapid increase was observed in the case of the smallest amount of gas dosed (0.25 wt%) which also resulted in the largest pore size in the core zone of a molding. The lowest value of cell density was noticed for 0.25 wt% of gas used. In the case of 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt% and 1 wt% of gas dosed, results of cell size, as well as cell density, were comparable. However, dosing 1 wt% of gas resulted in obtaining the finest structure, characterized by the smallest pore size and highest cell density. As a parameter resulting from a cell size and cell density, the local density of material was analyzed. The lowest value of local density in the core area was noticed for 0.25 wt% of SCF dosed
A feeder for precise material dosage in the research of polymer material cutting process
W pracy przedstawiono za艂o偶enia konstrukcyjne, budow臋 i zasad臋 dzia艂ania podajnika do kontrolowanego przemieszczania pr贸bek w zastosowaniu do proces贸w ci臋cia tworzyw polimerowych. Wykazano zasadno艣膰 podj臋tych prac konstrukcyjnych i wykonawczych. Dzi臋ki zautomatyzowaniu pracy dozowania pr贸bek, uzyskano bardzo ma艂y rozrzut wynik贸w si艂y ci臋cia na no偶u sta艂ym i ruchomym. Pr贸by testowe przeprowadzono dla pr贸bek wtryskowych z polietylenu ma艂ej g臋sto艣ci.The paper presents design assumptions, construction and operation prin-ciple of a feeder for the controlled sample displacement used in polymer material cutting processes. The relevance of undertaken constructional and executive activities was proven. Thanks to sample dosage automation, a small discrepancy of results of cutting force on the fixed and moving knives was obtained. The tests were carried out for injection moulded samples made of low-density polyethylen
Ansys-Polyflow software use as CAE tool for the production of vacuum-thermoformed packaging
Pomocnym narz臋dziem w uzyskaniu cienko艣ciennych wytwor贸w formowanych pr贸偶niowo s膮 programy numeryczne. W pracy przedstawiono przyk艂adowe zastosowanie oprogramowania Polyflow do ustalenia korzystnego rozk艂adu temperatury podczas nagrzewania arkusza formowanego pr贸偶niowo, z punktu widzenia uzyskania za艂o偶onej grubo艣ci ko艅cowej 艣cianki cienko艣ciennego wytworu. Badania numeryczne zrealizowane w 4 etapach pozwoli艂y na uzyskanie wytworu o mniejszym rozrzucie grubo艣ci.Numerical programs are useful tool in the determination of design features of thin-wall vacuum thermoformed products. The paper presents examples of Polyflow software application in the determination of advantageous temperature distribution in a vacuum-formed sheet considering the assumed thickness of final thin-wall packaging. Numerical investigations carried out in four stages allowed one to obtain a product with a smaller scatter of wall thickness