Fast and simple method of morphine extraction from the blood

Wstęp/Materiał i metody. W badaniu oceniano wydajność ekstrakcji morfiny z krwi pełnej metodą ciecz-ciecz za pomocą 3 układów rozpuszczalników organicznych. Wyniki. Najwyższy procent odzysku morfiny z krwi (92,5%) obserwowano, stosując mieszaninę izopropanolu i chloroformu (9:1), natomiast niższy, choć nadal zadowalający, gdy używano acetonitrylu (72,7%) lub dichlorometanu (67,1%). Wnioski. Izolacja morfiny z krwi pełnej za pomocą ekstrakcji ciecz-ciecz z zastosowaniem mieszaniny izopropanolu i chloroformu jest metodą szybką, wydajną i łatwą do przeprowadzenia w każdym laboratorium.Background/Material and methods. In this study we evaluated the efficiency of morphine extraction from the whole blood by liquid-liquid methods using three types of organic solvents. Results. The highest average recovery rate was observed for the 9:1 mixture of isopropanol and chloroform (92.5%). Lower, but still satisfactory, recovery rate was observed for acetonitril (72.7%) and dichloromethane (67.1%). Conclusions. Isolation of morphine from the whole blood by simple solvent extraction with isopropanol-chloroform mixture is fast, efficient and easily accessible for each laboratory

Analysis of mechanical properties and structure of samples filled with continuous glass fiber produced in composite filament fabrication technology

The purpose of the study was to evaluate selected mechanical properties and structural characteristics of samples manufactured using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology from Onyx material, whichwas filled with continuous glass fiber. Selected mechanical properties were correlated with the density of the resulting composite to determine the specific strength of the fabricated parts. The test specimens were manufactured on a Mark Two Enterprise machine (Markforged, USA) using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology. The material used was polyamide 6.6 with a 20% short carbon fiber content with the trade name Onyx. Continuous glass fiber was used to reinforce the fabrication. The density of the manufactured samples was determined using a hydrostatic method. Methanol was used as the liquid. By determining the density of the samples, it was possible to estimate through appropriate calculations what specific strength and specific modulus the obtained composites would have. Determination of tensile and flexural strengths was carried out in accordance with ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO 178:2003. Determination of the impact tensile strength of the samples was carried out in accordance with ISO 8256, the beams were tested using the A method. Due to the high impact tensile strength, two 1 mm notches with an angle of 45°were made on the specimens. The image of the sample structure obtained by the CFF method was recorded using a CT scanner. A thermogravimetric test (TG) of the Onyx matrix material was carried out. The samples were tested approximately 72 hours after fabrication. Filling the samples with continuous glass fiber above 50% leads to a slight increase in impact resistance. The density of the composite increased by only 16% relative to the reference samples, resulting in a 389% increase in the maximum average flexural strength. Despite significant discontinuities in the structure of the produced composite, it was possible to record an increase in tensile strength and Young’s modulus by 606% and 370%, respectively

Development of rotor construction of cutting mills

W pracy przedstawiono analizę rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych współczesnych układów roboczych młynów nożowych, oraz dokonano oceny przyjętych rozwiązań w oparciu o relacje pomiędzy wydajnością rozdrabniania a zainstalowaną mocą silnika. Zaprezentowane analizy wskazały, że różnice w konstrukcji wirnika mają decydujący wpływ na przeznaczenie młyna nożowego.In the paper the analysis of rotor construction of cutting mills is present The aim of investigations was to determine an influence of rotor constr tion on the relation between cutting mill capacity and driving power. ( tained results indicated that rotor construction differences had a decis influence on cutting mill functioning

The Microcellular Structure of Injection Molded Thick-Walled Parts as Observed by In-Line Monitoring

The aim of the study was to detect the influence of nitrogen pressure on the rheological properties and structure of PA66 GF30 thick-walled parts, produced by means of microcellular injection molding (MIM), using the MuCell® technology. The process was monitored in-line with pressure and temperature sensors assembled in the original injection mold. The measured data was subsequently used to evaluate rheological properties inside an 8.4 mm depth mold cavity. The analysis of the microcellular structure was related to the monitored in-line pressure and temperature changes during the injection process cycle. A four-times reduction of the maximum filling pressure in the mold cavity for MIM was found. At the same time, the holding pressure was taken over by expanding cells. The gradient effect of the cells distribution and the fiber arrangement in the flow direction were observed. A slight influence of nitrogen pressure on the cells size was found. Cells with a diameter lower than 20 µm dominate in the analyzed cases. An effect of reduction of the average cells size in the function of distance to the gate was observed. The creation of structure gradient and changes of cells dimensions were evaluated by SEM images and confirmed with the micro CT analysis

Research on cutting process of selected porous thermoplastics

Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badania cięcia nożowego tworzyw porowatych na przykładzie wytłoczyn z poli(chlorku winylu) i polistyrenu. Stwierdzono, że zawartość fazy gazowej w strukturze polimerów ma istotny wpływ na obciążenie układu roboczego rozdrabniacza. Wraz ze wzrostem ilości poroforów podział materiału przez cięcie zachodzi przy mniejszej wartości siły tnącej. Korzystnym rozwiązaniem pod względem zużycia energii na pojedyncze przecięcie jest zastosowanie noża ruchomego o kącie ostrza 30°.Selected results of knife cutting of porous materials exemplified by extrudates of poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene are presented. It was found that a content of porous phase in the structure of polymers has a significant influence on the working system of cutting mill. A volume reduction by cutting at a lower cutting force occurs together with the increase of amount of blowing agent material. Advantageous solution in terms of energy consumption on a single cut is the application of movable knife with blade angle of 30°

The Microcellular Structure of Injection Molded Thick-Walled Parts as Observed by In-Line Monitoring

The aim of the study was to detect the influence of nitrogen pressure on the rheological properties and structure of PA66 GF30 thick-walled parts, produced by means of microcellular injection molding (MIM), using the MuCell® technology. The process was monitored in-line with pressure and temperature sensors assembled in the original injection mold. The measured data was subsequently used to evaluate rheological properties inside an 8.4 mm depth mold cavity. The analysis of the microcellular structure was related to the monitored in-line pressure and temperature changes during the injection process cycle. A four-times reduction of the maximum filling pressure in the mold cavity for MIM was found. At the same time, the holding pressure was taken over by expanding cells. The gradient effect of the cells distribution and the fiber arrangement in the flow direction were observed. A slight influence of nitrogen pressure on the cells size was found. Cells with a diameter lower than 20 µm dominate in the analyzed cases. An effect of reduction of the average cells size in the function of distance to the gate was observed. The creation of structure gradient and changes of cells dimensions were evaluated by SEM images and confirmed with the micro CT analysis.</jats:p

A feeder for precise material dosage in the research of polymer material cutting process

W pracy przedstawiono założenia konstrukcyjne, budowę i zasadę działania podajnika do kontrolowanego przemieszczania próbek w zastosowaniu do procesów cięcia tworzyw polimerowych. Wykazano zasadność podjętych prac konstrukcyjnych i wykonawczych. Dzięki zautomatyzowaniu pracy dozowania próbek, uzyskano bardzo mały rozrzut wyników siły cięcia na nożu stałym i ruchomym. Próby testowe przeprowadzono dla próbek wtryskowych z polietylenu małej gęstości.The paper presents design assumptions, construction and operation prin-ciple of a feeder for the controlled sample displacement used in polymer material cutting processes. The relevance of undertaken constructional and executive activities was proven. Thanks to sample dosage automation, a small discrepancy of results of cutting force on the fixed and moving knives was obtained. The tests were carried out for injection moulded samples made of low-density polyethylen

Ansys-Polyflow software use as CAE tool for the production of vacuum-thermoformed packaging

Pomocnym narzędziem w uzyskaniu cienkościennych wytworów formowanych próżniowo są programy numeryczne. W pracy przedstawiono przykładowe zastosowanie oprogramowania Polyflow do ustalenia korzystnego rozkładu temperatury podczas nagrzewania arkusza formowanego próżniowo, z punktu widzenia uzyskania założonej grubości końcowej ścianki cienkościennego wytworu. Badania numeryczne zrealizowane w 4 etapach pozwoliły na uzyskanie wytworu o mniejszym rozrzucie grubości.Numerical programs are useful tool in the determination of design features of thin-wall vacuum thermoformed products. The paper presents examples of Polyflow software application in the determination of advantageous temperature distribution in a vacuum-formed sheet considering the assumed thickness of final thin-wall packaging. Numerical investigations carried out in four stages allowed one to obtain a product with a smaller scatter of wall thickness