Changes in Agrochemical Parameters of Sod-Podzolic Soil Depending on the Productivity of Cereal Grasses of Different Ripeness and Methods of Tillage in the Carpathian Region

Productivity and mowing periods of various cereal grasses on sod–podzolic soil of Pre–Carpathians were studied. The presence of sown grasses with different ripeness periods provides uniform supply of mowing mass from the middle of May till late September and productivity of lands, which is 5.4–6.8 t $ha^-1$ of dry mass, exchange energy – 44.1–56.8 GJ $ha^-1$ and 3.81–4.87 t $ha^-1$ f.u. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that with increase of tillage depth from 8–10 cm for surface tillage with disk tools to 20–22 cm by plowing, the productivity of all studied species increased by 2–3% on average for three years with fertilization dose of $LSD_05$ equal to 0.30 t $ha^-1$. Cultivation of cereal grasses on sod–podzolic soils stipulates improvement of their fertility, in particular increasing indices of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Influence of Agricultural Systems on Microbiological Transformation of Organic Matter in Wheat Winter Crops on Typical Black Soils

The influence of different agriculture systems and measures of basic tillage on nutrient regime, its relation to the number of microorganisms involved in transformation of organic matter in typical black soils was studied. Direction of the formation processes of some physiological indices in the field of wheat winter was investigated. It was found that the most favorable conditions of nutrition and soil microflora development, as well as indices of crop growth and development are created when using ecological system of agriculture