fagocitna aktivnost i fagocitni indeksi polimorfonuklearnih stanica mlijeka (PMN) kao markeri za dijagnozu i praćenje terapijske i profilaktičke učinkovitosti različitih formulacija antioksidanata u suzbijanju mastitisa goveda

A clinical study was undertaken on bovine mastitis in the Kashmir valley to study the relationship between Phagocytic activity (PA) and the phagocytic index (PI) of milk neutrophils (PMN’s) and bovine mastitis. The PA and PI of milk PMN’s were assessed in mastitic animals and compared with normal, healthy, lactating animals. A significant decrease was found in the values of the PA and PI of milk neutrophils in clinical cases of mastitis as compared to the healthy control group. The utility of anti-oxidants in clinical management of mastitis was measured through the response to treatment with trace minerals such as Cu, Zn, Mn and Se in addition to conventional antibiotic therapy. Two groups of mastitic animals received two therapeutic regimens. Group I animals received antibiotics (Enrofloxacin 6.6 mg/kg BID for 5 days) and a self-formulated trace mineral anti-oxidant mixture at therapeutic doses for 7 days, while Group II animals only received the antibiotic (at the same dose rate and frequency). Therapeutic regimen I proved more efficacious than the therapeutic regimen II in the treatment of clinical mastitis, as evidenced by higher recovery rates, a lower number of mean days required for recovery, and higher PA and PI of the milk PMN’s on day 10 post treatment. For prophylactic studies, 24 healthy lactating cows were divided into two groups of 12 animals each. One group was supplemented with a self-formulated trace mineral anti-oxidant mixture at prophylactic doses for 30 days, which resulted in a significant improvement in udder health status in terms of the SCC, PA and PI of milk PMN’s. Supplementation with the antioxidant formulation played a significant role in early recovery and prophylaxis of bovine mastitis. Assessment of PA and PI of milk PMN’s could be utilised as an effective tool for diagnosing susceptibility to the occurrence of mastitis, as well as monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of different treatment regimes.Kliničko istraživanje mastitisa goveda u dolini Kashmir provedeno je kako bi se procijenila povezanost fagocitne aktivnosti (PA) i fagocitnih indeksa (PI) neutrofila u mlijeku (PMN’s) i mastitisa goveda. PA i PI neutrofila u mlijeku analizirani su u životinja s mastitisom i uspoređeni sa zdravim životinjama u laktaciji. Pronađeno je znakovito smanjenje PA i PI neutrofila u mlijeku u slučajevima kliničkog mastitisa u usporedbi s kontrolnom, zdravom skupinom. Korisnost antioksidansa u slučajevima kliničkog mastitisa mjerena je putem odgovora na liječenje mineralima u tragovima kao što su Cu, Zn, Mn i Se, koji su dodani konvencionalnoj antibiotskoj terapiji. Dvije skupine životinja s mastitisom imale su dva terapijska programa. Skupina 1 primala je antibiotik (enrofloksacin 6,6 mg/kg, 2 puta dnevno, tijekom 5 dana) i vlastito pripremljenu mješavinu antioksidantnih minerala u tragovima u terapijskoj dozi tijekom 7 dana, dok je skupina 2 dobivala samo antibiotike (u istoj dozi i intervalu). Terapijski program u skupini 1 pokazao se učinkovitijim od onoga u skupini 2 u liječenju kliničkog mastitisa, što dokazuju veće stope oporavka, manji prosječan broj dana potreban za oporavak te povećane vrijednosti PA i PI polimorfonuklearnih stanica mlijeka deseti dan poslije tretmana. Za istraživanje profilakse 24 zdrave krave u laktaciji podijeljene su u dvije skupine sa po 12 životinja. Jedna je skupina dobivala vlastito pripremljenu mješavinu antioksidantnih minerala u tragovima u profilaktičkoj dozi tijekom 30 dana. To je rezultiralo znakovitim poboljšanjem zdravlja vimena što se vidjelo po vrijednostima SCC, PA i PI neutrofila u mlijeku. Dodatak antioksidantne formulacije znakovito je utjecao na rani oporavak i profilaksu mastitisa u goveda. Procjena PA i PI polimorfonuklearnih stanica mlijeka mogla bi biti učinkovit alat pri dijagnostici sumnje na mastitis kao i praćenju učinkovitosti različitih terapijskih program

Modulation of immune cum inflammatory pathway by earthworm granulation tissue extract in wound healing of diabetic rabbit model

Regeneration is a rare occurrence in the animal kingdom, but the earthworm stands out as a remarkable example of this phenomenon. Recent research has highlighted the promising wound healing properties of extracts derived from earthworms. Therefore, we propose that earthworm granulation tissue extract (EGTE) may facilitate wound healing by regulating immune responses in a rabbit diabetic wound model. Electron microscopy reveals that 70 % EGTE possesses noteworthy porosity with spherical to irregularly oval configuration. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) Characterization of EGTE revealed higher levels of ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, (3. beta.,22E). In-Vitro studies revealed significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties in dose dependent manner. Likewise, cytotoxicity assessments reveal that 70 % EGTE exhibits minimal harm to cells while displaying substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. For In-Vivo studies excision wounds were created on the dorsal regions of the experimental animals and were divided as Group I (50 % EGTE), Group II (70 % EGTE), Group III (vehicle) and Group IV (distilled water). Over a 21-day observation period 70 % EGTE facilitated the early healing of wounds in the experimental animals, evident through prompt wound closure, granulation tissue formation, increased DNA content, enhanced tensile strength of the wound area and enhanced the expression/synthesis of wound healing markers/proteins. From these results it can be postulated that EGTE accelerates wound healing by immune modulation, dampening of inflammatory pathway and enhanced expression of growth markers. Henceforth making it promising candidate for therapeutic use in diabetic wound healing