PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND HPTLC ANALYSIS OF FRACTIONS OF ERYTHROXYLUM MONOGYNUM METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT ON PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of fractions of E. monogynum methanolic leaf extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage and perform HPTLC analysis of active fraction.Methods: Fractions derived from methanolic extract of leaves of E. monogynum (Pet. ether, chloroform and hydroalcoholic) were screened for hepatoprotective activity. Doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg of different fractions administered for seven days and on 8th day toxicity by paracetamol was induced. Levels of biochemical markers along with histopathological changes were monitored to evaluate the extent of hepatoprotection after 24 hrs of toxicity induction.Results: A significant decrease in the biochemical parameters was evident by the hydroalcoholic fraction as compared to the toxic group which is also confirmed by histopathological changes observed. HPTLC analysis of hydroalcoholic fraction confirmed the presence of rutin, a flavonoidal glycosides besides other phytochemicals.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicates the significant hepatoprotective activity by the hydroalcoholic fraction of E. monogynum against paracetamol induced toxicity.Â

Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies

Abstract Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN