Dissipative continuous Euler flows

We show the existence of continuous periodic solutions of the 3D incompressible Euler equations which dissipate the total kinetic energy

Probability Theory Compatible with the New Conception of Modern Thermodynamics. Economics and Crisis of Debts

We show that G\"odel's negative results concerning arithmetic, which date back to the 1930s, and the ancient "sand pile" paradox (known also as "sorites paradox") pose the questions of the use of fuzzy sets and of the effect of a measuring device on the experiment. The consideration of these facts led, in thermodynamics, to a new one-parameter family of ideal gases. In turn, this leads to a new approach to probability theory (including the new notion of independent events). As applied to economics, this gives the correction, based on Friedman's rule, to Irving Fisher's "Main Law of Economics" and enables us to consider the theory of debt crisis.Comment: 48p., 14 figs., 82 refs.; more precise mathematical explanations are added. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:1111.610

Use of etiotropic and pathogenetic medicines for COVID-19 in patients with renal failure and/or on dialysis

Impaired kidney function may influence pharmacokinetics of most of the drugs, including the ones used in COVID-19. In this publication, the most important pharmacokinetic parameters and dose adjustment approaches are provided, based on The Renal Drug Handbook и Sanford Guide. In the majority of cases, mild kidney function reduction does not necessitate dose adjustment. Each case should be considered individually, measuring benefits against risks

Quasiconvexity at the boundary and the nucleation of austenite

Motivated by experimental observations of H. Seiner et al., we study the nucleation of austenite in a single crystal of a CuAlNi shape-memory alloy stabilized as a single variant of martensite. In the experiments the nucleation process was induced by localized heating and it was observed that, regardless of where the localized heating was applied, the nucleation points were always located at one of the corners of the sample - a rectangular parallelepiped in the austenite. Using a simplified nonlinear elasticity model, we propose an explanation for the location of the nucleation points by showing that the martensite is a local minimizer of the energy with respect to localized variations in the interior, on faces and edges of the sample, but not at some corners, where a localized microstructure, involving austenite and a simple laminate of martensite, can lower the energy. The result for the interior, faces and edges is established by showing that the free-energy function satisfies a set of quasiconvexity conditions at the stabilized variant in the interior, faces and edges, respectively, provided the specimen is suitably cut

Review of the book “Practical issues of rational antibacterial therapy”

In 2023, the book “Practical Issues of Rational Antibacterial Therapy” under general ed. Yarovoy SK, Khokhlov AL, was published. This monograph is devoted to practical issues of empirical therapy for the most common nonspecific infectious and inflammatory diseases. The monograph presents the main provisions of antimicrobial therapy from the perspective of clinical pharmacology. The general patterns of prescription and distribution of antibacterial agents, the concepts of basic and reserve drugs, selection of hospital strains, natural and acquired resistance are explained. Antibacterial drugs are compared in pairs with each other based on an analysis of their spectra of antimicrobial activity. Combination (multicomponent) antibacterial therapy is being considered. Undesirable regimens of antimicrobial therapy are described, options with insufficient effectiveness and an unsatisfactory safety profile are analyzed

Clinical and pharmacological technologies of personalized medicine: what now and what will happen?

«Omic» biomarkers are promising tools for personalizing pharmacotherapy, including and mental illness because allow predicting an individual profile of the effectiveness and safety of psychotropic drugs. «Omics» biomarkers include pharmacogenomic, pharmacoproteomic, pharmacotranscriptome, pharmacometabolic biomarkers. A methodology for the development of «omcs» biomarkers of personalization of pharmacotherapy is presented: from assessing the problems of pharmacotherapy to the system of implanting biomarkers into real clinical practice

Thermal phase transitions in rotating QCD with dynamical quarks

Relativistic rotation causes a change of QCD critical temperatures. Various phenomenological and effective models predict a decrease of the critical temperatures in rotating QCD. Nevertheless, lattice simulations showed that the critical temperature in gluodynamics increases due to rotation. We extend the lattice study to the theory with dynamical fermions. We present the first lattice results for rotating QCD with $N_f=2$ dynamical clover-improved Wilson quarks. We also study separately the effect of rotation on gluonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. It is shown that separate rotations of gluons and fermions have opposite effects on the critical temperatures. In aggregate, the pseudo-critical temperatures in QCD increase with angular velocity. Dependence of the results on the pion mass is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 8th-13th August, 2022, Bonn, German

Change of opinion on the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and prevention

The use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and prevention should be restricted in both out- and inpatient settings due to the lack of evidence for effectiveness and unfavorable safety profile

Genetic Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions

The use of medicines may in some cases be associated with the development of drug-induced diseases (DIDs) аnd other adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which leads to an increase in morbidity/mortality rates, and/or symptoms forcing a patient to seek medical attention or resulting in hospitalisation. ADRs may develop due to changes in a patient’s genotype, which entail an inadequate pharmacological response. The aim of the study was to analyse and summarise literature data on genetic risk factors that cause DIDs аnd other ADRs. It was shown that the polymorphism of genes encoding enzymes of drug metabolism (CYP, UGT, NAT, TPMT, EPHX, GST, etc.) or carriers (transporters) of drugs (P-gp, BCRP, MRP, OATP, OCT, etc.) can change the pharmacokinetics of drugs, affecting their activity. Polymorphism of RYR1, CACNA1S, MT-RNR1, VKORC1, and other genes encoding receptors targeted by drugs, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, may affect drug pharmacodynamics by modifying drug targets or changing the sensitivity of biological pathways to pharmacological effects of medicines. Changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may cause DIDs аnd other ADRs. The use of pharmacogenetic tests will allow a personalised approach to patients’ treatment and prevention or timely detection of potential ADRs during therapy. Before prescribing some medicines, clinicians should use recommendations on their dosing based on pharmacogenetic tests, which are posted on the official websites of Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN), Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB), and Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC). The results of ongoing clinical studies on the effect of gene polymorphism on drug safety will soon allow for higher personalisation of the choice of pharmacotherapy and prevention of many ADRs, including DIDs

Phytopharmacology: at the origins of pharmacy and clinical pharmacology

Article is devoted to historical review of pharmacology and pharmacy herbal medicines since ancient times