Robust Deep Learning Based Framework for Detecting Cyber Attacks from Abnormal Network Traffic

The internet's recent rapid growth and expansion have raised concerns about cyberattacks, which are constantly evolving and changing. As a result, a robust intrusion detection system was needed to safeguard data. One of the most effective ways to meet this problem was by creating the artificial intelligence subfields of machine learning and deep learning models. Network integration is frequently used to enable remote management, monitoring, and reporting for cyber-physical systems (CPS). This work addresses the primary assault categories such as Denial of Services(DoS), Probe, User to Root(U2R) and Root to Local(R2L) attacks. As a result, we provide a novel Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) cyberattack detection framework that combines AI and ML techniques. To evaluate the developed system, we employed the Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge Discovery Databases (NSL-KDD), which covered all critical threats. We used normalisation to eliminate mistakes and duplicated data before pre-processing the data. Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) is used to extract the characteristics. The fundamental rationale for choosing RNN-LDA for this study is that it is particularly efficient at tackling sequence issues, time series prediction, text generation, machine translation, picture descriptions, handwriting recognition, and other tasks. The proposed model RNN-LDA is used to learn time-ordered sequences of network flow traffic and assess its performance in detecting abnormal behaviour. According to the results of the experiments, the framework is more effective than traditional tactics at ensuring high levels of privacy. Additionally, the framework beats current detection techniques in terms of detection rate, false positive rate, and processing time

Design and Analysis of Metamaterial Absorber using Split Ring Resonator for Dual Band Terahertz Applications

There are numerous applications for microwave absorbers in the L, S, C, X, and Ku bands. Creating a terahertz absorber, on the other hand, has proven difficult. This paper presents a metamaterial absorber operates at terahertz frequencies. It has a square shaped outer ring and a circle shaped inner ring unit cell split ring resonator. The substrate is dielectric material and the ground is metallic. According to the simulation results, the unit cell resonates at two frequencies that is at 1.3027THz and 1.7853THz with absorptivity  is greater than 90% at normal incidence .The main cause of high absorbance is due to strong electromagnetic field. The proposed structure in this paper is useful for terahertz imaging, detection of malignant tumors and stealth technology

Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controlled DPFC

Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply

THE EFFECT OF SUN LIGHT EXPOSURE ON PREDIABETIC PATIENTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Objective: Type 2 diabetes evolves through a phase of normoglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance due to vitamin D deficiency. It was believed that sun light exposure is the natural way to improve the blood 25 (OH) D levels which delay or prevent disease progression. The study was to assess the effect of sunlight exposure in South Indian prediabetic population. Methods: Data of the subjects were retrospectively collected in three continuous intervals. Total 160 subjects were identified as prediabetes based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age between 30 to 65 years subjects was randomly recruited for the study. Subjects were assigned into two groups based on sunlight exposure. All anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured and interpreted. Results: Between the group and within the group variation was assessed. In Comparative analysis sun light exposure group showed significant improvement in BMI (P=0.0309), glucose (P<0.0001), HbA1c (P<0.0001) and systolic BP (P=0.0042) were showed significant effect but not in diastolic BP (p>0.2893). In lipid profile, cholesterol (P=0.0002) and triglyceride (P=0.0019) showed significant improvement, but no significant effect was observed in HDL (P= 0.131), LDL (P=0.4735) level in sun light exposure group. Conclusion: Daily exposure of sunlight can improve the disease condition. Along with sunlight exposure, intensive life style changes and appropriate vitamin D supplementation may need to prevent or delay the disease progression

Central Pivot Heuristics for Botnet Attack Defense in Iot

Botnet assaults on IoT systems have become a big issue, and several strategies for botnet protection have been investigated by the academic and industry communities. While many of these methods are practical and effective for botnet attack prevention, one of the important limits is the load factor on the servers that manage monitoring and control in addition to catering to client system requests. To address load factor difficulties, the focus of this study report is on the conditions of installing a four-layer security control system based on the notion of central pivot points. Inspired by the effective and systematic Markov Chains concept, this publication proposes a four-layer filtering model that shows if botnet detection and prevention methods for servers are required. The model's simulated experimental study demonstrates the potential scope of deploying the system. The study also highlights the future possibilities of model improvisation that can reduce any erroneous signal production that is judged necessary

A comparative study of vaginal delivery and caesarean section in antepartum eclampsia at and beyond 34 weeks of gestation

Background: This study was done to compare maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies after 34 weeks gestation complicated by antepartum eclampsia when terminated by caesarean section and by vaginal delivery. Methods: A comparative prospective study was done on 100 pregnant women with antepartum eclampsia at or beyond 34 weeks of gestational age from November 2019 to June 2021 at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana. The patients were divided into two groups: CD group (who delivered by caesarean section) and VD group (who delivered by vaginal route). After history taking and examination, delivery was planned according to the gestational age, foetal condition and Bishop’s score. The associated indication for caesarean, induction delivery interval in vaginal deliveries, total blood loss was noted. Baby details were noted and were followed till discharge at hospital. Results: The incidence of caesarean section was 41% and that of vaginal delivery was 59%. Highest incidence of antepartum eclampsia was seen in the age group of 20-24 years and between 37-40 weeks. Most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress (19%). The convulsion-delivery interval was less in CD group and it was statistically significant (p value 0.01). The incidence of live births, still births and IUD was better in the CD group than VD group (p value 0.02). Perinatal mortality was more in vaginal delivery group (27.64%) than in caesarean section group (12.19%). Maternal mortality was 1.7% in the VD group and nil in the CD group. Conclusions: The study reflected that both perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality were found to be lesser in the CD group in comparison with the VD group. Thus, early decision for caesarean section especially when delivery is not anticipated within 6 hours of admission is essential in improving the perinatal and maternal outcome in eclampsia

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIULCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BARK OF MYRICA ESCULENTA IN PYLORIC LIGATION ULCER MODEL

Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of bark of Myrica esculenta in pyloric ligated ulcer model in albino rats.Methods: The rats were subjected to pyloric ligation ulcer model and the ethanolic extract of bark of Myrica esculenta were compared with the induced and standard drug Ranitidine. The activity of antioxidant parameters was analysed in the homogenate of stomachs.Results: The levels of gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) were reduced significantly and antioxidant, parameters like catalase, nitrite and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were increased significantly in the ethanloic extract of bark of Myrica esculenta. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the ethanolic extract of bark of Myrica esculenta improved the anti ulcer and antioxidant potential. Â

Acute- and late-phase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity is comparable in female and male rats after peripheral nerve injury.

BACKGROUND:In the peripheral nerve, pro-inflammatory matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 performs essential functions in the acute response to injury. Whether MMP-9 activity contributes to late-phase injury or whether MMP-9 expression or activity after nerve injury is sexually dimorphic remains unknown. METHODS:Patterns of MMP-9 expression, activity and excretion were assessed in a model of painful peripheral neuropathy, sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI), in female and male rats. Real-time Taqman RT-PCR for MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) of nerve samples over a 2-month time course of CCI was followed by gelatin zymography of crude nerve extracts and purified MMP-9 from the extracts using gelatin Sepharose-beads. MMP excretion was determined using protease activity assay of urine in female and male rats with CCI. RESULTS:The initial upsurge in nerve MMP-9 expression at day 1 post-CCI was superseded more than 100-fold at day 28 post-CCI. The high level of MMP-9 expression in late-phase nerve injury was accompanied by the reduction in TIMP-1 level. The absence of MMP-9 in the normal nerve and the presence of multiple MMP-9 species (the proenzyme, mature enzyme, homodimers, and heterodimers) was observed at day 1 and day 28 post-CCI. The MMP-9 proenzyme and mature enzyme species dominated in the early- and late-phase nerve injury, consistent with the high and low level of TIMP-1 expression, respectively. The elevated nerve MMP-9 levels corresponded to the elevated urinary MMP excretion post-CCI. All of these findings were comparable in female and male rodents. CONCLUSION:The present study offers the first evidence for the excessive, uninhibited proteolytic MMP-9 activity during late-phase painful peripheral neuropathy and suggests that the pattern of MMP-9 expression, activity, and excretion after peripheral nerve injury is universal in both sexes