Clinico-epidemiological study of pityriasis versicolor in a rural tertiary care hospital

Background:The study was conducted to know the incidence of pityriasis versicolor in relation to age, sex, seasons and occupation in a rural set up.  Methods:A total of 105 patients of pityriasis versicolor were clinically evaluated and confirmed mycologically at central lab in a tertiary care hospital in South India. The obtained data was recorded and analysed accordingly.  Results:Male preponderance was observed in the study. Disease was most pronounced in younger age group (21-30 years) especially students. 61.9% of patients sought medical advice on cosmetic grounds while 38% had pruritis. Chest was the commonest site of affection followed by neck and back.Conclusion:Early identification of the yeast by simple laboratory techniques would help prevent recurrences, systemic complications and cosmetological problems which are high especially among the students and younger age groups

Hydatid disease of proximal femur: a case report

Hydatid disease is the most common infection in Central Asia, Middle East, East Africa caused by Echinococcus which is a cestode. However infection to bone alone is very rare. We report a case of Hydatid cyst in bone parse. A 55 years old lady came with a complaint of pain over right hip since 1 year.  Radiologically found to be having osteolytic lesion over proximal femur for which surgery was done and biopsy report showed hydatid cyst. The case is reported for its rarity

Factors affecting treatment outcome among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in urban Pondicherry, India

Background: Many factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcome. Objective: To find out the factors affecting treatment outcome among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in urban Pondicherry, Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 265 PTB patients from 6 randomly selected urban PHCs of Pondicherry from Jan 2013 to March 2014. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used. Data were entered in Epi-data v3.1 and was analysed by SPSS v20. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were used. Results: Out of 265 patients registered 235 (88.7%) patients were included. The Majority were males (79.6%), and Mean (SD) age was 44±14 years. The Majority (83.4%) were formally educated, 74% were employed, and 77% received Cat I treatment. Prevalence of alcohol drinkers, current smokers and smokeless users was 31.5%, 23.5%, 9.4% respectively. A total of 14.5% had bad treatment Outcome Univariate analysis showed that Current smoker and Category II PTB treatment had significantly associated with bad outcome (p value-<0.05). In Multivariate analysis, Category II PTB treatment [AOR = 3.5 (1.6-7.8)] had significantly associated with bad outcome (p value-<0.05) after adjusted with age group, gender, Smoking and alcohol status Conclusion: Current Smoking and Category II PTB Treatment were the major factors affecting the TB treatment outcom

Quantum direct communication protocol using recurrence in k-cycle quantum walk

The ability of quantum walks to evolve in a superposition of distinct quantum states has been used as a resource in quantum communication protocols. Under certain settings, the $k$-cycle discrete-time quantum walks\,(DTQW) are known to recur to its initial state after every $t_r$ steps. We first present a scheme to optically realize any $k$-cycle DTQW using $J$-plate, orbital angular momentum\,(OAM) sorters, optical switch, and optical delay line. This entangles the polarization and OAM degrees of freedom\,(DoF) of a single photon. Making use of this recurrence phenomena of $k$-cycle DTQW and the entanglement generated during the evolution, we present a new quantum direct communication protocol. The recurrence and entanglement in $k$-cycle walk are effectively used to retrieve and secure the information, respectively, in the proposed protocol. We investigate the security of the protocol against intercept and resend attack. We also quantify the effect of amplitude damping and depolarizing noises on recurrence and mutual information between polarization and OAM DoF of a single photon.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Performance of Wind Farm Employing Type-4 Wind Turbine with D-Statcom

Wind power is environmentally friendly and cost-predictable nature. It is widely recognized as a promising alternative electric power generation source at a time of uncertain fossil fuel costs and concern over the harmful effects of climate change. Various problems arise due to the rapid injection of wind power in the electrical grid, affecting the power quality. Harmonics and various power quality problems like voltage sag and swell are of common occurrence due to the voltage injected by the wind generators in the electrical grid. These may result into severe problems such as system frequency mismatch and change in power line capability. To reduce such problems a distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) is employed.  The DSTATCOM is an effective way of reducing power quality problems, removing the wind speed fluctuations and improving the transient stability of wind farm. Simulation results show the proposed effectiveness of wind farm stability and power quality. The generating system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB environment using Simulink and Simpower System toolboxes. Keywords: Wind Farms (WF), Wind Energy, Distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM

VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION TINY CHIP WITH NANOPOWER SENSOR APPLICATIONS

Semiconductor devices have rapidly advanced over the past years increasing switching(on and off) speed and density of the device, causing an increase in power consumption and power dissipation; accordingly, the issues have been considered and improved . In CMOS 0.5μm process, the designed VLSI mirror-amplifier had power dissipation of 8.41 milliwatts. This technique is changed in this paper. The biasing is done in two steps proved to be correct procedure to improve overall power consumption. Source voltage was considered as 3V for the MOSIS process technology. Layout ,simulation and electrical characterization of the design were carried out by MENTOR GRAPHICS tool and CAD tools were used for the design Holding the scaling and process unchanged at 0.5μm as the previous design, the new VLSI design had power dissipation of 4.39 nanowatts in second step by reducing the dynamic loss. Multi-die chip placement is done for fabrication. More advanced 0.35um CMOS process is used for low threshold voltage and enhanced supply voltage range. This paper presents details of the key research works, results, completed chip layout and applications of the chip

Cross-Dataset Adaptation for Instrument Classification in Cataract Surgery Videos

Surgical tool presence detection is an important part of the intra-operative and post-operative analysis of a surgery. State-of-the-art models, which perform this task well on a particular dataset, however, perform poorly when tested on another dataset. This occurs due to a significant domain shift between the datasets resulting from the use of different tools, sensors, data resolution etc. In this paper, we highlight this domain shift in the commonly performed cataract surgery and propose a novel end-to-end Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) method called the Barlow Adaptor that addresses the problem of distribution shift without requiring any labels from another domain. In addition, we introduce a novel loss called the Barlow Feature Alignment Loss (BFAL) which aligns features across different domains while reducing redundancy and the need for higher batch sizes, thus improving cross-dataset performance. The use of BFAL is a novel approach to address the challenge of domain shift in cataract surgery data. Extensive experiments are conducted on two cataract surgery datasets and it is shown that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art UDA methods by 6%. The code can be found at https://github.com/JayParanjape/Barlow-AdaptorComment: MICCAI 202

GLSFormer: Gated - Long, Short Sequence Transformer for Step Recognition in Surgical Videos

Automated surgical step recognition is an important task that can significantly improve patient safety and decision-making during surgeries. Existing state-of-the-art methods for surgical step recognition either rely on separate, multi-stage modeling of spatial and temporal information or operate on short-range temporal resolution when learned jointly. However, the benefits of joint modeling of spatio-temporal features and long-range information are not taken in account. In this paper, we propose a vision transformer-based approach to jointly learn spatio-temporal features directly from sequence of frame-level patches. Our method incorporates a gated-temporal attention mechanism that intelligently combines short-term and long-term spatio-temporal feature representations. We extensively evaluate our approach on two cataract surgery video datasets, namely Cataract-101 and D99, and demonstrate superior performance compared to various state-of-the-art methods. These results validate the suitability of our proposed approach for automated surgical step recognition. Our code is released at: https://github.com/nisargshah1999/GLSFormerComment: Accepted to MICCAI 2023 (Early Accept

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose both financial and health encumbrances for patients. Although prevalence and risk factors associated with ADRs have been published in many studies, most of them lack the statistical evidence for predictors. The aim of this study was to review the published literature to determine the risk factors in the adult and elderly population for ADRs. An electronic search of articles published in English language in databases such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted in between January 2001 and April 2018. The search terms used were: ADRs,†drug-related problems,†risk factors,†general adult population,†elderly patients,†and hospital admission.†For inclusion in the review, studies had to include an explicit definition of what was considered an ADR and/or an explicit assessment of causality, as well as a clear description of the method used for ADR identification. Polypharmacy was the major risk factor of ADR followed by comorbidities and length of hospital stay