Effect of Elevated [CO2] and Nutrient Management on Grain Yield and Milling Quality of Rice in Subtropical India

The climate change due to mingled effect of rising [CO2] level and temperature will influence crop production by affecting various components of the production system. In the present study, Open Top Chamber (OTC) facility has been used to realize the consequence of rising [CO2] with nutrient management on rice crop. The experiment was organized in open field and inside OTC with ambient [CO2] (400 ppm) and elevated [CO2] (25%, 50% and 75% higher than ambient) in wet season of the year 2017- 18 at Kharagpur, India. Increase in [CO2] level resulted decreasing trend in growth, yield attributes (filled grains number) and grain yield. The nutrient management with use of only chemical fertilizer at recommended dose gave highest grain yield, which was comparable with integrated management using chemical and biofertilizer. Post-harvest processing quality such as head rice percentage and the head rice yield decreased significantly with CO2 elevation. The elevated [CO2] with 25 to 75% higher than ambient, reduced the head rice percentage by 13 to 21 %. The research stated that investigations on climate change adaptations should be made to avoid the negative impact of rising [CO2] level and temperature on crop yield and processing quality

Comparative assessment of conventional and organic nutrient management on crop growth and yield and soil fertility in tomato-sweet corn production system

Abstract Nutrient management plays a key role in improving crop yield with maintenance of soil fertility for sustainable production in intensive cropping. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of organic and conventional fertilizer sources on growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato and sweet corn crop and on changes in chemical and biological properties in acid lateritic soil of eastern India. The tomato was grown during dry season (November -February) and sweet corn during wet season (MayJuly) in the cropping system during the years 2008 to 2010. The organic nutrient inputs were vermicompost (VC), vermiwash (VW), biofertilizer (BF) and crop residue (CR) and the conventional input was chemical fertilizer (CF). The treatments were CF at 100% recommended dose of N, P and K (CF 10

Developing climate change agro-adaptation strategies through field experiments and simulation analyses for sustainable sorghum production in semi-arid tropics of India

Change in rainfall pattern with longer dry period depletes soil water content (SWC) and incorrect sowing time adversely affects rainfed sorghum production in Semi-Arid Tropics (SATs). The present study was conducted to develop agricultural water management strategies for improving SWC and to evaluate sowing time as climate change agro-adaptations for sorghum production in SATs. The field experiments on two land-water management (flatbed, broad bed furrows (BBF)) and four nutrient management (application of macro-and micronutrients through combination of chemical and organic fertilizers) were conducted in 2014 and 2015 at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India. The average SWC in ‘BBF’ was higher over ‘flatbed’ by 0.90 cm and 1.06 cm in 0–30 cm soil depth, 0.67 cm and 1.02 cm in 30–60 cm depth, 0.51 cm and 0.84 cm in 60–90 cm depth and, 0.34 cm and 0.67 cm in 90–120 cm during 2014 and 2015, respectively. The SWC in BBF was higher over flatbed by 7.28% throughout 0–120 cm soil depth during longest dry period of 26 days in the year 2014. The simulation analyses using DSSAT Version 4.6 for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 with RCP 4.5 stated that postponing the normal sowing time (30 June) to 10 July resulted in lower grain yield reduction i.e. 14.75% in 2030 and 19.37% in 2050 as compared to base period (1988–2007) yield with normal sowing in Parbhani location of India. The BBF combined with macro-and micronutrients application through chemical fertilizer and postponing sowing time was found the effective climate change agro-adaptation strategies for improving sorghum production in SATs. This study indicates the need for desired policy orientation by the government to promote integrated land-water-nutrient management as the effective agro-adaptations to climate change in SATs

Effect of elevated [CO2] and nutrient management on wet and dry season rice production in subtropical India

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of elevated [CO2] with varying nutrient management on rice–rice production system. The experiment was conducted in the open field and inside open-top chambers (OTCs) of ambient [CO2] (≈ 390 μmol L− 1) and elevated [CO2] environment (25% above ambient) during wet and dry seasons in 2011–2013 at Kharagpur, India. The nutrient management included recommended doses of N, P, and K as chemical fertilizer (CF), integration of chemical and organic sources, and application of increased (25% higher) doses of CF. The higher [CO2] level in the OTC increased aboveground biomass but marginally decreased filled grains per panicle and grain yield of rice, compared to the ambient environment. However, crop root biomass was increased significantly under elevated [CO2]. With respect to nutrient management, increasing the dose of CF increased grain yield significantly in both seasons. At the recommended dose of nutrients, integrated nutrient management was comparable to CF in the wet season, but significantly inferior in the dry season, in its effect on growth and yield of rice. The [CO2] elevation in OTC led to a marginal increase in organic C and available P content of soil, but a decrease in available N content. It was concluded that increased doses of nutrients via integration of chemical and organic sources in the wet season and chemical sources alone in the dry season will minimize the adverse effect of future climate on rice production in subtropical India

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Not AvailableWater and nitrogen (N) saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) technology is required to meet the future food demand with decreasing resource availability. This emphasizes the importance of micro irrigation systems in field crops. Given the context, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on rice grain yield, water and N use efficiency and soil N dynamics. A field experiment was conducted for rice cultivation (cultivar Naveen) under subsurface drip irrigation (DIR) with two lateral spacings (S40 and S60) and four N fertilizer levels (0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended dose) and puddle-transplanted rice (PTR) at N100 during dry season of 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014. The results of the study revealed significant increase in grain yield with increase in N fertilizer level from N0 to N50 or N75 in DIR. At N75, the DIR resulted in 73% recovery of applied N and 32% saving of water while attaining similar grain yield (5043 kg ha–1 in S40N75 and 4851 kg ha–1 in S60N75) as of PTR-N100. The N dynamics revealed higher NH4 +–N and NO3 −–N contents in 0- to 18-cm layer in DIR compared with PTR. Both drip lateral spacings did not show any significant differences in grain yield, water and N use efficiency. Hence, the subsurface drip irrigation with 60 cm lateral spacing and 25 to 50% lower N application could increase the water and N use efficiency of rice with similar grain yield as of PTR.Not Availabl

Laparoendoscopic hybrid procedure – Oncologically safe and feasible option for gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the stomach

Minimally invasive resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the stomach is a feasible alternative to the traditional open approach, without the need for advanced laparoscopic training, as lymph node dissection is not necessary and excision with a negative margin is the only requirement. The loss of tactile feedback is a known drawback of laparoscopic surgery, causing difficulty in assessing the margin of resection. Earlier described laparoendoscopic techniques require advanced endoscopic procedures, which are not readily available in all places. We present a novel method wherein we use an endoscope to guide the resection margins during laparoscopic surgery. In our experience of five patients, we were able to successfully use this technique to get the negative margins pathologically. This hybrid procedure can thus be used to ensure adequate margin, keeping all the benefits of laparoscopic surgery