μ-Oxalato-bis­[(2,2′-bipyridyl)­copper(II)] bis(perchlorate) dimethyl­formamide disolvate monohydrate

The title compound, [Cu2(C2O4)(C10H8N2)4](ClO4)2·2C3H7NO·H2O, contains doubly charged centrosymmetric dinuclear oxalato-bridged copper(II) complex cations, perchlorate anions, and DMF and water solvate mol­ecules. In the complex cation, the oxalate ligand is coordinated in a bis-bidentate bridging mode to the Cu atoms. Each Cu atom has a distorted tetra­gonal-bipyramidal environment, being coordinated by two N atoms of the two chelating bipy ligands and two O atoms of the doubly deprotonated oxalate anion. Pairs of perchlorate anions and water mol­ecules are linked into recta­ngles by O—H⋯O bonds in which the perchlorate O atoms act as acceptors and the water mol­ecules as donors. Methyl groups of the DMF solvent molecule are disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.453 (7):0.547 (7), and the water molecule is half-occupied

2-Hydroxy­amino-2-oxoacetohydrazide

In the title compound, C2H5N3O3, the hydroxamic group adopts an anti orientation with respect to the hydrazide group. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains along the c axis

Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities

The first genetic study of the holotype of the Gansu short-tailed shrew, Blarinella griselda Thomas, 1912, is presented. The mitochondrial analysis demonstrated that the type specimen of B. griselda is close to several recently collected specimens from southern Gansu, northern Sichuan and Shaanxi, which are highly distinct from the two species of Asiatic short-tailed shrews of southern Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam, >B. quadraticauda and B. wardi. Our analysis of four nuclear genes supported the placement of B. griselda as sister to B. quadraticauda / B. wardi, with the level of divergence between these two clades corresponding to that among genera of Soricinae. A new generic name, Parablarinella, is proposed for the Gansu short-tailed shrew. Karyotypes of Parablarinella griselda(2n = 49, NFa = 50) and B. quadraticauda (2n = 49, NFa = 62) from southern Gansu are described. The tribal affinities of Blarinellini and Blarinini are discussed.Copyright Anna A. Bannikova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Econometric Methods for Evaluating of Open National Innovative Systems

The urgency of the problem stated in the paper is reasoned by the fact that the rapid acceleration of the changes of the existing economic and institutional conditions raises the need to develop new theoretical-methodological and practical approaches to the problems' solving in order to achieve sustainable growth of innovation growth. The purpose of the paper is developing of a methodology to assess the open national innovation systems through the use of econometric models. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the method of economic-mathematical modeling, allowing evaluating of the level of national innovation systems' openness using quantitative indicators and building of innovative development's forecasts. The article reveals the essence of open innovations, open national innovation systems, on the basis of production functions the forecast of the share of service sector's value added in GDP is built using additive and multiplicative models. Paper Submissions are of theoretical and practical significance for open innovation management models' development, as well as for the development of the state innovation policy's strategy. Keywords: National Innovation System, Evaluation Methods, Econometric Modeling, Production Function, Additive Model, Multiplicative Model. JEL Classifications: B23, F41, O3

Three-dimensional genome architecture persists in a 52,000-year-old woolly mammoth skin sample

Analyses of ancient DNA typically involve sequencing the surviving short oligonucleotides and aligning to genome assemblies from related, modern species. Here, we report that skin from a female woolly mammoth (†Mammuthus primigenius) that died 52,000 years ago retained its ancient genome architecture. We use PaleoHi-C to map chromatin contacts and assemble its genome, yielding 28 chromosome-length scaffolds. Chromosome territories, compartments, loops, Barr bodies, and inactive X chromosome (Xi) superdomains persist. The active and inactive genome compartments in mammoth skin more closely resemble Asian elephant skin than other elephant tissues. Our analyses uncover new biology. Differences in compartmentalization reveal genes whose transcription was potentially altered in mammoths vs. elephants. Mammoth Xi has a tetradic architecture, not bipartite like human and mouse. We hypothesize that, shortly after this mammoth's death, the sample spontaneously freeze-dried in the Siberian cold, leading to a glass transition that preserved subfossils of ancient chromosomes at nanometer scale

Field protocols for the genomic era

For many decades karyotype was the only source of overall genomic information obtained from species of mammal. However, approaches have been developed in recent years to obtain molecular and ultimately genomic information directly from the extracted DNA of an organism. Molecular data have accumulated hugely for mammalian taxa. The growing volume of studies should motivate field researchers to collect suitable samples for molecular analysis from various species across all their ranges. This is the reason why we here include a molecular sampling procedure within a field work protocol, which also includes more traditional (including cytogenetic) techniques. In this way we hope to foster the development of molecular and genomic studies in non-standard wild mammals

Field protocols for the genomic era

For many decades karyotype was the only source of overall genomic information obtained from species of mammal. However, approaches have been developed in recent years to obtain molecular and ultimately genomic information directly from the extracted DNA of an organism. Molecular data have accumulated hugely for mammalian taxa. The growing volume of studies should motivate field researchers to collect suitable samples for molecular analysis from various species across all their ranges. This is the reason why we here include a molecular sampling procedure within a field work protocol, which also includes more traditional (including cytogenetic) techniques. In this way we hope to foster the development of molecular and genomic studies in non-standard wild mammals

Field protocols for the genomic era

For many decades karyotype was the only source of overall genomic information obtained from species of mammal. However, approaches have been developed in recent years to obtain molecular and ultimately genomic information directly from the extracted DNA of an organism. Molecular data have accumulated hugely for mammalian taxa. The growing volume of studies should motivate field researchers to collect suitable samples for molecular analysis from various species across all their ranges. This is the reason why we here include a molecular sampling procedure within a field work protocol, which also includes more traditional (including cytogenetic) techniques. In this way we hope to foster the development of molecular and genomic studies in non-standard wild mammals

Effect of Antibacterial Brine on Quality and Microbiological Safety of Meat Products

Nomad livestock farming is an extra raw material resource for regions with harsh climate. Foods based on meat of indigenous animals expand the range of products with high consumer properties. The quality and safety of meat products usually depend on the brine. The present research featured the effect of brine with Island moss (Cetrária islándica (L.) Ach.) on the sensory profile and microbiological safety of meat products. The study involved meat of two-year-old indigenous cows, as well as multicomponent antibacterial and standard extrusion brines. The brine was injected with a syringe-injector with a hollow perforated needle at a 20 mm pitch. The tenderization took place in a universal express tenderizer with a rotation speed of 16 rpm and lasted for 10 h. The shelf-life was determined based the on microbiological, chemical, and sensory indicators. By the end of the reserve shelf-life, the total microbial count was 1.2×103 CFU/g in the control and 1.0×103 CFU/g in the experimental sample. No opportunistic pathogenic bacteria or microorganisms were detected. No opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms were revealed when the microbiological parameters were studied in standard quantities and in quantities increased by an order of magnitude. The changes in acid and peroxide numbers during storage indicated a stable oxidation of the fat component in the experimental sample. Its sensory evaluation exceeded the control sample by 0.9 points in terms color, texture, and smell. The meat marinated with C. islándica compiled with the quality standard and had a shelf-life which exceeded that of the traditionally-marinated meat by 5 days