Some features of crustacean cultivation aquabiotechnology on the waters of energy facilities

The data on the state of the crayfish population on the territory of the Middle Volga before its regulation and after the formation of reservoirs are presented. Three stages in the state of development of aquabiotechnology of the crustaceans cultivation in the Middle Volga region have been identified. The first stage is before regulation of the Volga river. The second stage is pasture aquaculture in reservoirs with works on the targeted improvement of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that the size-weight and ecological-biological characteristics of long-clawed crayfish before the regulation of the river and after the formation of the Kuibyshev reservoir are similar. The third stage is highlighted in connection with the expansion of biotechnologies for growing thermophilic crayfish in recirculating aquaculture systems. At the present stage, in the Kuibyshev and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs, there are narrow-clawed (Pontastacus leptodactylus Esch.) and wide-clawed crayfish (Astacus astacus L.). The catches contain crayfish of three ages: two-year-olds - about 100 mm, three-year-olds - about 150 mm, four-year-olds - about 170 mm long. The equation for the dependence of body weight on the zoological length of narrow-clawed crayfish in the Kuibyshev reservoir: y = 0.67x +81.3. The cultivation of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (VonMartens, 1868) on the warm waters of energy facilities can become an important element of aquaculture for the production of elite gourmet products. The equation for the dependence of body weight on the zoological length of red claw crayfish in a recirculating aquaculture system: y = 1.1x +57.3. The development of aquatic biotechnologies makes it possible to use natural crayfish populations for the creation of crayfish farms and pasture aquaculture on the basis of reservoir waters, and the use of warm waters makes it possible to grow new aquaculture objects for the industrial crayfish cultivation all year round. At the same time, natural ecosystems are not disturbed, and the rate of growth of marketable products under controlled production conditions allows not only to increase the volume of aquaculture products, but also to reduce the pressure of catch of crayfish from natural ecosystems

Assessment of soil sanitary parameters in cedar plantations

The paper presents the results of the study of sanitary and microbiological parameters of soils in cedar plantations on the example of the Vologda Region of Russia. The statistical description of cedar plantations showed that both urban and Siberian cedar plantations in urban environments and beyond are characterized by good growth. The results of the sanitary assessment of cedar plantations showed that the largest part of them is classified as the second class. The evaluation of the gross heavy metal content of soil samples showed that the numerical values of test elements (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, arsenic, mercury) did not exceed MPC. The analysis for the content of heavy metals in soil of cedar groves and nurseries is one of the ways to achieve sustainable development and functioning of the studied objects, to grow healthy cedar plantations. It is aimed at improving the environment of the Gryazovetskaya district of Vologda Region, as well as at modeling and development of environmental measures. On the basis of sanitary and microbiological assessment in the examined cedar groves it is recommended to carry out selective forest protection measures, to clean debris, as well as to conduct laboratory studies in order to determine soil toxicity affecting growth and development of cedar plantations

Elements of circular technologies in aquaculture on the waters of energy facilities

The elements of circular technologies in aquaculture on various energy waters are considered. The development of forms of aquaculture from pasture to industrial with an increase in the share of circular technologies is shown. It is noted that the use of cage fish farming on warm waste waters of energy facilities is complicated by eutrophication at high fish stocking densities and the peculiarities of temperature and hydrochemical regimes. The necessity of selection of new aquaculture objects with a fast growth rate, thermophilic and not demanding to the oxygen content in water is noted: a promising object of cultivation in warm waters is the African clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Possibilities of including other representatives of catfish - shill catfish (Pangasius) are considered. The results of experimental cultivation of spicy vegetable crops on waste products of crucian carp and clary catfish are presented. The analysis of own data and data of foreign sources is carried out. The dependence of the growth of valuable plant species on the type of fish in aquaponics is shown. Aquaculture and aquaponics as specific components of the modern agricultural sector in the development are focused on industrial production technologies using circular technologies for the efficient use of resources

Improvement of rural territories in the Vologda region

Creation and improvement of a comfortable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically rich environment of tourist areas is of great importance both in large cities and rural areas. The paper aims at the development of a project for the improvement and landscaping of the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village (Vologda region, the Russian Federation). Ustye village is a tourist center of the region, so it is important to create an attractive image of the city for tourists. In the course of work, the improvement and landscaping of a public territory was conducted; an assortment of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was selected; trees and shrubs were planted as long as a lawn and flowerbeds. In accordance with the developed project, Thujaoccidentalis ‘Brabant’ was planted in a row along the building adjacent to the House of the Merchant Nikulichev; an ordinary garden lawn was created from the grass mixture of Festucarubra, Festucapratensis and Poapratensis between the House of the Merchant Nikulichev and its fence. According to the project, on the territory there are flowerbeds consisting of perennial plants: Astilbearendsii Gloria Purpurea, Hósta, PotentillafruticosaAbbotswood, Saxifragaarendsii, Heuchera. On the territory of the KupecheskyDvorik near the buildings there are signs with the name of the object, QR and bar codes. The created landscaping elements attract with their beauty, aesthetics and environmental friendliness which contributes to the creation of a high-quality urban environment and an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the village of Ustye

Effects of Freeze-Drying on Sensory Characteristics and Nutrient Composition in Black Currant and Sea Buckthorn Berries

Fresh berries contain numerous components that can undergo complex changes during the drying process. This study aims to investigate the effect of freeze-drying on the sensory and chemical properties of black currant and sea buckthorn berries. Freeze-drying was performed at a shelf temperature of 35–55 °C with a step of 5 °C and durations of 18, 20, 22, and 24 h. Comparing the final freeze-dried berries with their fresh counterparts, it was observed that at a shelf temperature of 50 °C and a drying time of 18 to 20 h, there was a minimal loss in the content of vitamins, organic acids, and carbohydrates. However, based on organoleptic evaluations, the best results were achieved after drying for 20 h. Furthermore, the preservation of citric and malic acids in black currant berries, along with citric, tartaric acids, and sucrose in sea buckthorn berries, was only at 45.6% when the freeze-drying time was extended to 22 h. Considering the physical and chemical properties of listed freeze-dried berries, the optimal parameters were identified as a shelf temperature of 50 °C and a drying time of 20 h. The findings from this study serve as a foundation for selecting appropriate freeze-drying parameters for various types of berries