Dose-Dependent Effects of Nanoscale Forms of Humic Acids in a Hydroponic Culture of Triticum aestivum: Induction of Oxidative Stress and an Increase in the Number of Border Cells

В гидропонной культуре Triticum aestivum L. изучали биологическую активность гуминовых кислот в форме наночастиц размером 6,5 нм и 68 нм. Гуминовые наночастицы (мелкие и крупные) в изученных концентрациях не ингибировали рост корня и не вызывали деструктивных изменений корневого апекса 2-дневных проростков. На средах с гуминовыми наночастицами в корнях проростков наблюдалось дозозависимое увеличение содержания карбонилированных белков, малонового альдегида и пролина – маркеров индуцированного окислительного стресса. Для мелких наночастиц основным продуктом свободнорадикального окисления был малоновый диальдегид, для крупных – карбонилированные белки. Индуцированный гуминовыми наночастицами окислительный стресс сопровождался дозозависимым увеличением численности свободных пограничных клеток и размеров гелевого чехла в корневом апексе 2-дневных проростков. Для мелких наночастиц (6,5 нм) эти изменения были выражены в значительно большей степени, чем для крупных наночастиц (68 нм). Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать гуминовые наночастицы в качестве адаптогенов: способствуя увеличению численности популяции пограничных клеток и системы гелевого чехла (как продукта экскреторной активности пограничных клеток), наночастицы увеличивают устойчивость корневого апекса к воздействию неблагоприятных биотических и абиотических факторовThe biological activity of humic acids in the form of nanoparticles with a size of 6.5 nm and 68 nm was studied in a hydroponic culture of Triticum aestivum L. Both smaller and larger humic nanoparticles at the studied concentrations neither inhibited root growth nor caused destructive changes in the root apexes of 2-day-old seedlings. A dose-dependent increase in the contents of markers of induced oxidative stress such as carbonylated proteins, malonaldehyde, and proline was observed in the roots of seedlings on media with humic nanoparticles. Malondialdehyde was the main product of free radical oxidation for smaller nanoparticles and carbonylated proteins – for larger ones. Oxidative stress induced by humic nanoparticles was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the number of free border cells and the size of the mucilaginous sheaths on the root apexes of 2-day-old seedlings. For smaller (6.5 nm) nanoparticles, these changes were much more pronounced than for larger (68 nm) nanoparticles. The results obtained allow us to consider humic nanoparticles as adaptogens: contributing to an increase in the population of border cells and the mucilaginous sheath system (as a product of the excretory activity of border cells), nanoparticles enhance the resistance of the root apex to the effects of unfavorable biotic and abiotic factor

The Role of Periodic Structures in Light Harvesting

The features of light propagation in plant leaves depend on the long-period ordering in chloroplasts and the spectral characteristics of pigments. This work demonstrates a method of determining the hidden ordered structure. Transmission spectra have been determined using transfer matrix method. A band gap was found in the visible spectral range. The effective refractive index and dispersion in the absorption spectrum area of chlorophyll were taken into account to show that the density of photon states increases, while the spectrum shifts towards the wavelength range of effective photosynthesis

The Morphology and Phenotype of Monocyte-Macrophages When Cultured on Bionanofilms Substrates with Different Surface Relief Profiles

The effect of surface relief profiles of alkanoate-based bionanofilms to the monocyte-macrophages (MN-MPhs) from peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis was studied in vitro. Patients were subjected to coronary stenting. Cell morphology and phenotype (expression of CD antigens, levels of production of marker cytokines) in vitro were analyzed before and after the installation of stents. It was shown, that the mean square roughness (Rq) of the bionanofilms determined the variability of cell morphology, CD antigens spectraand activity of production interleukins-6 and -10. Also, it was revealed, that the “activity” of the surface topography of biopolymer substrates depends on the functional state of MNs, isolated in different time points: Before and after stenting the ratios of cell morphotypes and production of cytokines in MN-MPhs differed significantly