Gauge Invariant Pauli-Villars Regularization of Chiral Fermions

We extend the idea of the generalized Pauli-Villars regularization of Frolov and Slavnov and analyze the general structure of the regularization scheme. The gauge anomaly-free condition emerges in a simple way in the scheme, and, under the standard prescription for the momentum assignment, the Pauli-Villars Lagrangian provides a gauge invariant regularization of chiral fermions in arbitrary anomaly-free representations. The vacuum polarization tensor is transverse, and the fermion number and the conformal anomalies have gauge invariant forms. We also point out that the real representation can be treated in a straightforward manner and the covariant regularization scheme is directly implemented.Comment: 33 pages, PHYZZX. The final version to appear in Prog. Theor. Phy

Level Density in the Complex Scaling Method

It is shown that the continuum level density (CLD) at unbound energies can be calculated with the complex scaling method (CSM), in which the energy spectra of bound states, resonances and continuum states are obtained in terms of $L^2$ basis functions. In this method, the extended completeness relation is applied to the calculation of the Green functions, and the continuum-state part is approximately expressed in terms of discretized complex scaled continuum solutions. The obtained result is compared with the CLD calculated exactly from the scattering phase shift. The discretization in the CSM is shown to give a very good description of continuum states. We discuss how the scattering phase shifts can inversely be calculated from the discretized CLD using a basis function technique in the CSM.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, To be published in Progress of Theoretical Physic

Invariant Regularization of Supersymmetric Chiral Gauge Theory

We formulate a manifestly supersymmetric gauge covariant regularization of supersymmetric chiral gauge theories. In our scheme, the effective action in the superfield background field method above one-loop is always supersymmetric and gauge invariant. The gauge anomaly has a covariant form and can emerge only in one-loop diagrams with all the external lines being the background gauge superfield. We also present several illustrative applications in the one-loop approximation: the self-energy part of the chiral multiplet and of the gauge multiplet; the super-chiral anomaly and the superconformal anomaly; as the corresponding anomalous commutators, the Konishi anomaly and an anomalous supersymmetric transformation law of the supercurrent (the ``central extension'' of N=1 supersymmetry algebra) and of the R-current.Comment: 43 pages, PHYZZX. Final version to appear in Prog. Theor. Phy

Do PPARγ Ligands Suppress the Growth of Cholangiocarcinoma or the Cholangiohepatitis Induced by the Tumor?

Cholangiocarcinoma is a predominantly fatal cancer, which can be difficult to treat. It has been reported that the administration of pioglitazone temporarily improved not only diabetic control, but also bile duct carcinoma-induced cholangiohepatitis. Pioglitazone is considered to have both direct and indirect mechanisms of action on the tumor-related hepatitis. Several molecules induced by thiazolidinedione, including Smad pathway-related molecules, adipokines, and other lipid metabolism-related proteins, may directly or indirectly suppress tumor development and/or tumor-induced cholangiohepatitis. Although the most frequent and critical side effect of thiazolidinedione is drug-induced hepatitis, it can probably be avoided by careful monitoring of serum hepatic enzyme levels. Thiazolidinedione should be considered for management of tumor-induced hepatitis in the presence of diabetes unless severe side effects occur

The protein denaturation under high pressure : effects of ph and some substances on the pressure denaturation of ovalbumin solution

The effects of the pH and of the various added substances on the pressure denaturation of ovalbumin solution were examined by measuring the solubility as an index. The results are as follows: Ovalbumin has the maximum stability near pH 9 toward pressure-denaturation, the rate of pressure denaturation reaction of ovalbumin is proportional to the square root of hydrogen-ion concentration independently of the treated pressure and temperature, and the activation volumes are negative and the values depend on temperature but not on pH. Sulfate and glucose are inhibitors, and urea and ethyl alcohol are accelerators for pressure denaturation. And a little amount of calcium chloride and sodium chloride accelerates the pressure denaturation, but a large amount of them tend to inhibit it

On Blow-up Sets for the Parabolic Equation dt ∂tβ(u) = ⊿u+f(u) in a Ball

Radially symmetric solutions of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations are considered in a ball, under some blow-up conditions on β(ξ), f(ξ) and the initial date. Blow-up sets of solutions are classified by the increasing order of the heat source f(ξ) as ξ → ∞.Article信州大学理学部紀要 25(2): 51-58(1991)departmental bulletin pape

Early-onset and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in Japan: a nationwide surveillance study, 2004–2010

SummaryObjectivesTo clarify the incidence and prognosis of early-onset (EOD) and late-onset (LOD) GBS disease in Japan. To evaluate the influence of national guidelines issued in 2008 on the epidemiology of GBS disease.MethodsRetrospective nationwide questionnaire surveillance on culture-confirmed GBS infections between 2004 and 2010.ResultsEighty-eight EOD and 162 LOD cases were reported from 152 participating hospitals. The case fatality of EOD was 13.6% and of LOD was 8.0%. Premature birth <37 weeks (p<0.001) and low birth weight <2500g (p<0.001) were significantly associated with EOD mortality. A high rate of neurological sequelae was noted in meningitis in EOD (8/24) and LOD (29/85) cases. Based on a live-birth number of 438 359 and inborn case numbers of 36 EOD and 42 LOD, the incidence of EOD and LOD were estimated to be 0.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.11)/1000 and 0.10 (95% CI 0.07–0.12)/1000 live-births, respectively. Before (2004–2008) and after (2009–2010) the issue of guidelines, the mortality of EOD (from 14.8% to 11.8%) and LOD (from 9.8% to 2.5%) improved, but the incidence was unchanged.ConclusionsThe incidence of EOD and LOD is apparently low in Japan, but the mortality and morbidity rates remain substantial. The issue of national guidelines did not affect the incidence