Attitudes of Japanese students in relation to school biology

This study explores attitudes in biology classes of Japanese junior high school and high school students and also asks them to reflect back on their school experiences. In Japan, the educational environment for students is very good: for example, many students can have opportunities to go to school and the majority of schools have enough facilities for science classes. However, many students think biology is difficult and there are doubts whether students can use biological knowledge to their advantage in life after graduating from school. It is argued that the aim of teaching biology is in making educated students: people who can understand the importance of the role of biology in their society and can make judgements or decisions based on biological views, where appropriate. For these reasons, it is very important to not only give biological knowledge but also to encourage the development of positive attitudes towards biology in biology classes. This study discusses definitions of attitude and is based on one approach in the literature. It would be helpful to understand what causes students attitudes to develop and why students behave positively/negatively in biology classes. It might be possible to encourage more positive student attitudes. In Japan, there is a strong tendency to focus on memorisation. This often fails to connect biology classes with the students’ real life. This survey was carried out with two different groups: Shotoku gakuen High School and Meiji daigaku huzoku nakano hachioji High School (total is 1270 students) using a questionnaire. The aim was explore students current attitudes in biology classes comparing different grades and different genders. In this way, it seeks to consider how attitudes are changing with age as well as the aspects of their learning which affect boys and girls differently. The chi-square statistic was used to evaluate differences between various groups. In general, attitudes became less positive with age. As with previous studies in physics, all students were found to show preferences for studying topics and themes which they can connect to previous knowledge and experience and which make sense in the context of their lifestyles. Boys and girls in most areas hold very similar attitudes but boys tend to be more interested in the topics which relate more to the world outside of them: for instance, the role of biology for society. Girls, on the other hand, tend to prefer topics which are more personal and relate to human interaction: for instance, the human body and how it works. This suggests that great care must be taken in curriculum construction, textbook writing and lesson presentation so that boys and girls are attracted equally. The study presents an exploratory overview of the situation in a range of schools in Japan. It is based on established psychological models relating to learning and attitude development. The study offers proposals for future work and implications for future teaching in Japan

Oxide‐Assisted Degradation of Ni‐Base Single Crystals During Cyclic Loading: the Role of Coatings

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87025/1/jace4578.pd

Bayesian Network Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Impression at Yoshiwara Shopping Street in Fuji City

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. There is a big difference between Fuji Shopping Street and Yoshiwara Shopping Street. Therefore we focus Yoshiwara Shopping Street in this paper. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted. As there are so many items, we focus on “The image of the surrounding area at this shopping street” and pick up former half and make sensitivity analysis in this paper. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. Sensitivity analysis is performed by back propagation method. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

Bayesian Network Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Impression at Fuji City

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. In this paper, we mainly focus the impression the visitors feel and analyze them. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

Questionnaire Investigation on the Needs at Fuji City and its Sensibility Analysis Utilizing Bayesian Network

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted. As there are so many items, we focus on “The image of the surrounding area at this shopping street” and pick up former half and make sensitivity analysis in this paper. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

Bayesian Network Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Needs at Fuji Shopping Street Town

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city (two for Fuji Shopping Street Town and two for Yoshiwara Shopping Street Town). Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. There is a big difference between Fuji Shopping Street Town and Yoshiwara Shopping Street Town. Therefore we focus Fuji Shopping Street Town in this paper. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. Sensitivity analysis is performed by back propagation method. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

Need identification and sensitivity analysis of consumers using Bayesian Network : A case of Fuji Shopping Street Town

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. There is a big difference between Fuji Shopping Street and Yoshiwara Shopping Street. Therefore we focus Fuji Shopping Street in this paper. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted. As there are so many items, we focus on “The image of the surrounding area at this shopping street” and pick up former half and make sensitivity analysis in this paper. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. Sensitivity analysis is performed by back propagation method. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

Bayesian Network Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Needs at Fuji Shopping Street Town under the View Point of Service Engineering

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street are handled. Fuji city in Japan is focused. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city (two for Fuji Shopping Street Town and two for Yoshiwara Shopping Street Town). Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. There is a big difference between Fuji Shopping Street Town and Yoshiwara Shopping Street Town. Therefore Fuji Shopping Street Town is focused in this paper. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. These are analyzed by sensitivity analysis and odds ratio is calculated to the results of sensitivity analysis in order to obtain much clearer results. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. Sensitivity analysis is performed by back propagation method. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. Fruitful results are obtained. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated

土壌改質材 FFC エースによるオオムギの生育と収量の促進効果

The effects of a unique soil conditioner, FFC-ace, on photosynthesis, transpiration, growth and yield of barley were examined in a field experiment. FFC-ace well-mixed with sandy soil greatly enhanced root and shoot growth, tillering and the number of grains per stock. The total yield in the treated plot increased by about 172%. The plants grown in the FFC-ace plot were greener and contained a higher level of chlorophyll, compared with the control. Photosynthesis and transpiration, which are tightly linked to productivity were also significantly enhanced at the broad range of photon flux observed in our study. The quality of grain harvested from the FFC-ace plot was similar to the control plot in terms of nutritional and inorganic components. The increased photosynthesis in the FFC-ace treated barley reflects a higher absorption of CO(2) from the atmosphere. It was also noted that the efficiency of water utilization for photosynthesis was significantly greater under the high light intensity in the treated plot. The relationship between application of FFC-ace and absorption of atmospheric CO(2) is discussed. Our investigation provides data showing that application of FFC-ace to soil significantly reduces water requirements for plant growth and yield.本報は，㈱エフエフシー・ジャパンから販売されている土壌改質材FFCエースTMの作物の生長促進効果について，2006年11月から翌年６月，本学農学部内の実験圃場で実施された，オオムギの生育ならびに収量調査に関する試験結果をとりまとめたものである．実施圃場の砂土壌にFFCエースを所定量混和した区画を設け，オオムギの種子を播種した．なお，対照区は非導入土壌とした．定期的に行った生育調査の結果，FFCエースを導入した土壌では非導入の区画と比べて，生育初期における根の生育が良好となり，地上部における分けつ数の増加とともに穂の生長も旺盛となって，１穂当たりの収穫量（粒数）の著しい増加をもたらした．結果，FFCエース導入区における全収量は非導入区と比べて約1.7倍となった．また，それぞれから収穫したオオムギ粒に含まれる栄養価ならびに無機元素類の量には，FFCエースの導入，非導入によって大きな違いは認められず，導入の効果は収量に大きく反映された．事実，調査期間中に行った測定から，FFCエースを投入した土壌で生育するオオムギ葉は高いクロロフィル量を示しており，光合成が促進されているものと考えられた．実際，播種後４ヶ月目以降，光合成ならびに蒸散速度値を測定した結果，FFCエース導入区で生育したオオムギでは常に高い値を示した．また，FFCエースの導入によって強光条件下における水利用効率が促進された．本報告では，FFCエースの投与と空気中からの二酸化炭素の吸収量との関連について考察するとともに，併せて，FFCエースの土壌への導入によって作物の生育に必要な灌水量を大きく減らすことができる可能性についても言及したい