African american athletes' experiences of race in sport

Etude portant sur l'incidence de la discrimination raciale dans le déroulement de carrière des athlètes afro-américains qu'ils soient hommes ou femme

A Day In The Life Of A Male College Athlete: A Public Perception And Qualitative Campus Investigation

Perceptual confirmation paradigm (PCP) rooted in social psychology, can be implemented to frame sport science research questions (Stone, Perry, & Darley, 1997). Public perception of college athletes\u27 lives has been scarcely investigated in the sport sciences (Keels, 2005) using the PCP to prime stereotypes. The purpose of this study was to prime stereotypes about a day in the life of a college athlete by using qualitative inquiry to assess college students\u27 (N = 87) perceptions. Participants provided written responses about a day in the life of a college athlete. Two different college athlete targets were used Tyrone Walker (n = 44) and Erik Walker (n = 43). Four major themes and one minor theme emerged which are descriptive of the participants\u27 perceptions. Findings were related to the leadership responsibilities of sport management practitioners in higher education. Future research inquiries and relevant suggestions were articulated for sport management scholars in the 21st century. © 2009 Human Kinetics, Inc

White College Students\u27 Explanations Of White (And Black) Athletic Performance: A Qualitative Investigation Of White College Students

While the sport sociology community has had a long-running conversation about the relationship between athletes\u27 success and race, there are few empirical investigations of individuals\u27 attitudes regarding the connection of race and athletic performance. This study on White college students\u27 explanations of White (and African American) athleticism attempts to push this discussion of race and sport. Using a qualitative, open-ended question we elicited explanations from White college students about athletic performance. Findings revealed that White students explained White athleticism through discussions of African American athleticism. In addition, White student participants avoided biological explanations regarding White athletes\u27 success. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc

Athletic Voices And Academic Victories: African American Male Student-Athlete Experiences In The Pac-Ten

The purpose of this study was to explore participants\u27 academic experiences and confidence about their academic achievement. Participants (N = 27) consisted of high-achieving African American male student-athletes from four academically rigorous American universities in the Pac-Ten conference. Most of the participants competed in revenue-generating sports and were interviewed to obtain a deeper understanding of their successful academic experiences. Utilizing a phenomenological approach four major themes emerged: I Had to Prove I\u27m Worthy, I\u27m a Perceived Threat to Society, It\u27s About Time Management, and It\u27s About Pride and Hard Work. Stereotype threat and stereotype reactance are investigated in relation to findings. Recommendations for scholars and practitioners that work with student-athletes are also articulated. © 2010 SAGE Publications

Female Spectators As Customers At National Football League Games

Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to investigate female National Football League (NFL) spectators’ preferences and feedback in regard to various customer service components of the NFL game day experience. The primary components with respect to female spectators’ choices, preferences, and feedback are as follows: apparel and other merchandise; food and beverage; restrooms and facility cleanliness; tailgating and parking; participants’ decision to attend an NFL game; and participants’ perceptions of the NFL. A core objective was to learn more about the female decision-making process and overall experience at NFL games. Design/methodology/approach: – All data were collected during the 2012-2013 NFL regular season. Four different data collections were conducted at two NFL stadiums to investigate the game day experiences of women at NFL games. Previous research was used as a basis for creating survey questions about the female game day experience. In this study, an open-ended questionnaire contained both quantitative and qualitative questions, both forms of data were collected and analyzed, and researchers made both quantitative and qualitative interpretations based on the data. Findings: – Findings and results indicated women are diverse customers. Sport organizations need to focus on the minor details that reflect how individuals experience a brand and product, as these sport organizations have the opportunity to enhance the female customer experience and retain existing female customers if the organizations systemically listen to and communicate with the female customer at NFL games. The NFL and individual NFL teams should include female spectators in the brand strategy process. Female customers of the NFL can be powerful brand loyalists and outstanding brand ambassadors. Originality/value: – This research study provides an investigation of the preferences and perceptions of women spectators at NFL games. One contribution of the current study is that researchers have accepted the challenge by some researchers calling for more complexity with researching gender and attempting to shift some of the ways in which women are viewed as fans and spectators. However, what is key with the approach in the current study is that researchers allowed the women to be heard with respect to their game day experiences, perceptions, and thoughts about their identity as a spectator

I Am What I Am? The Baller Identity Measurement Scale (BIMS) with a Division I Football Team in American Higher Education

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of culture and socio-cultural contexts on academic and athletic motivation of American male college football student-athletes. This study measured perceptions of student-athletes\u27 athletic and academic identities tied to motivation for performance using a culturally relevant assessment tool, the Baller Identity Measurement Scale