PERBANDINGAN LATIHAN NAPAS BUTEYKO DAN LATIHAN BLOWING BALLOONS TERHADAP PERUBAHAN ARUS PUNCAK EKSPIRASI PADA PASIEN ASMA

Asma menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang serius dan perlu ditangani. Banyak penderita asma dari berbagai negara  mengalami gangguan asma sehingga jika tidak terkendali dapat meningkatkan morbiditas. Cara untuk menilai terjadinya asma dengan melakukan penilaian Arus Puncak Ekspirasi. Untuk mengatasi dan meringankan gejala asma adalah dengan melakukan latihan napas Buteyko dan Blowing Balloons. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah membandingan latihan napas Buteyko dengan latihan Blowing Balloons terhadap perubahan arus puncak ekspirasi pada pasien asma. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan metode pretest dan posttest dua kelompok. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 70 responden kelompok terdiri 2 kelompok yaitu 35 responden kelompok Latihan napas Buteyko dan 35 responden kelompok latihan Blowing Balloons dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian  setelah Latihan napas Buteyko dan latihan Blowing Balloons dilakukan dua kali sehari selama dua minggu didapatkan hasil uji wilcoxon sign rank test latihan napas Buteyko dan latihan Blowing Balloons dengan nilai p= 0,00. Hasil uji mann withney menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan mean rank skor asthma control test. pada latihan napas Buteyko dan latihan Blowing Balloons p = 0,21. Dari hasil pengukuran nilai arus puncak ekspirasi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan nilai p = 0,00 pada latihan napas Buteyko dan latihan Blowing Balloons. Kata kunci: buteyko; blowing balloons; arus puncak ekspirasi; asma Abstract The Influence of Buteyko Respiration Exercise and Blowing Balloons exercise on the Change in Peak Expiratory Flow Ratr bin Asthma Patients. Asthma is serious global health problem and needs to treatment. Many people with asthma from various countries experience asthma problems so that if they are uncontrolled can increase morbidity.. To overcome and alleviate the symptoms of asthma was do Buteyko's breathing and Blowing Balloons. The aim of the study was to influence Buteyko's breathing exercises with Blowing Balloons exercise to changes in peak expiratory flow in asthma patients. Design used quasi experimental with two groups pretest and posttest. The research sample consisted of 70 respondents consisting of two groups, 35 respondents were Buteyko breathing exercise group and 35 respondents were Blowing Balloons exercise group with simple random sampling technique. The results of the study after Buteyko breathing exercises and Blowing Balloons exercises were carried out twice a day for two weeks and obtained the results of Wilcoxon, Buteyko breath training and Blowing Balloons training with a value p = 0.00. The results of Mann Withney test showed no difference mean asthma control test score. Buteyko breathing exercises and Blowing Balloons exercise p = 0.21. The results of measurements peak expiratory flow values were significant differences with a value of p = 0.00 in Buteyko breathing exercises and Blowing Balloons training..Keywords: buteyko; blowing balloons; peak expiratory flow; asthm

Applying multi-temporal landsat satellite data and markov-cellular automata to predict forest cover change and forest degradation of sundarban reserve forest, Bangladesh

Overdependence on and exploitation of forest resources have significantly transformed the natural reserve forest of Sundarban, which shares the largest mangrove territory in the world, into a great degradation status. By observing these, a most pressing concern is how much degradation occurred in the past, and what will be the scenarios in the future if they continue? To confirm the degradation status in the past decades and reveal the future trend, we took Sundarban Reserve Forest (SRF) as an example, and used satellite Earth observation historical Landsat imagery between 1989 and 2019 as existing data and primary data. Moreover, a geographic information system model was considered to estimate land cover (LC) change and spatial health quality of the SRF from 1989 to 2029 based on the large and small tree categories. The maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) technique was employed to classify the historical images with five different LC types, which were further considered for future projection (2029) including trends based on 2019 simulation results from 1989 and 2019 LC maps using the Markov-cellular automata model. The overall accuracy achieved was 82.30%~90.49% with a kappa value of 0.75~0.87. The historical result showed forest degradation in the past (1989–2019) of 4773.02 ha yr−1, considered as great forest degradation (GFD) and showed a declining status when moving with the projection (2019–2029) of 1508.53 ha yr−1 and overall there was a decline of 3956.90 ha yr−1 in the 1989–2029 time period. Moreover, the study also observed that dense forest was gradually degraded (good to bad) but, conversely, light forest was enhanced, which will continue in the future even to 2029 if no effective management is carried out. Therefore, by observing the GFD, through spatial forest health quality and forest degradation mapping and assessment, the study suggests a few policies that require the immediate attention of forest policy-makers to implement them immediately and ensure sustainable development in the SRF.</jats:p

ARANEOMORPHAE: Development of an application for the identification of the taxonomic key of arachnid families in Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate an application to support decision making in the identification process of taxonomic arachnids of families in Brazil. The device was developed by Ionic framework used to develop hybrid applications and with the help of Java Script programming language and the angular JS framework. With convenience, speed, easy handling and low cost maintenance, the digital system called for their Araneomorphae authors is an App (Application) and this digital system, professionals and lay people will perform clearly and dynamic identification and classification of specimens arachnids, reducing the time to research and understanding of their taxonomy. To review the application, a taxonomic key was used containing the figure of six Brazilian arachnids for identifying a period of 30 minutes. Were invited 200 students from five undergraduate classes in Biological Sciences from the Lutheran University Center Palmas - CEULP / ULBRA, Tocantins state for the key printed taxonomic, the vast majority of students (81%) took more than 30 minutes to identify the six species, whereas with application USAge, 91.3% of identified species of arachnids in less than five minutes. The application proved practical, easy to understand and use, and can assist in supporting decision making to identify and rank the most common early specimens of arachnids

Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia

Background: Optimum feeding practice is the key to determine development and growth among infants and young children. Dietary diversity is considered an indicator to assess nutritional adequacy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors that associated with minimum dietary diversity types among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was carried out for this study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The study was conducted with inclusion criteria in women of childbearing age with ages ranging from 15 to 49 years, having children aged 6–23 months, and living with respondents (n = 4861). Data obtained using a questionnaire with cross-sectional design approach. Chi-square test, and logistic regression test were used to measure the determinants of minimum dietary diversity. Results: The prevalence of children aged 6–23 months who received various foods was 3070 (63.15%) respondents. Age of child of 18–23 months [AOR = 5.88; 95% CI = 4.48–7.14], mother graduated from university level [AOR = 5.16; 95% CI = 2.07–12.89], access to maternal information on mass media (reading newspapers or magazines [AOR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10–1.55] and watching television [AOR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.06–2.30]), and richest wealth quintile [AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.32–2.75] significantly related to minimum dietary diversity in children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Conclusions: The current study revealed that minimum dietary diversity among Indonesian children remain related to education, mass media and socio-economic level. Practice implications: Pediatric nurses can play a critical role here by delivering the messages through educational outreach visits that focus on poor uneducated mother

Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia

Background: Optimum feeding practice is the key to determine development and growth among infants and young children. Dietary diversity is considered an indicator to assess nutritional adequacy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors that associated with minimum dietary diversity types among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was carried out for this study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The study was conducted with inclusion criteria in women of childbearing age with ages ranging from 15 to 49 years, having children aged 6–23 months, and living with respondents (n = 4861). Data obtained using a questionnaire with cross-sectional design approach. Chi-square test, and logistic regression test were used to measure the determinants of minimum dietary diversity. Results: The prevalence of children aged 6–23 months who received various foods was 3070 (63.15%) respondents. Age of child of 18–23 months [AOR = 5.88; 95% CI = 4.48–7.14], mother graduated from university level [AOR = 5.16; 95% CI = 2.07–12.89], access to maternal information on mass media (reading newspapers or magazines [AOR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10–1.55] and watching television [AOR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.06–2.30]), and richest wealth quintile [AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.32–2.75] significantly related to minimum dietary diversity in children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Conclusions: The current study revealed that minimum dietary diversity among Indonesian children remain related to education, mass media and socio-economic level. Practice implications: Pediatric nurses can play a critical role here by delivering the messages through educational outreach visits that focus on poor uneducated mother. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

Diversity and Functional Traits of Lichens in Ultramafic Areas: A Literature Based Worldwide Analysis Integrated by Field Data at the Regional Scale

While higher plant communities found on ultramafics are known to display peculiar characteristics, the distinguishability of any peculiarity in lichen communities is still a matter of contention. Other biotic or abiotic factors, rather than substrate chemistry, may contribute to differences in species composition reported for lichens on adjacent ultramafic and non-ultramafic areas. This work examines the lichen biota of ultramafics, at global and regional scales, with reference to species-specific functional traits. An updated world list of lichens on ultramafic substrates was analyzed to verify potential relationships between diversity and functional traits of lichens in different Köppen–Geiger climate zones. Moreover, a survey of diversity and functional traits in saxicolous communities on ultramafic and non-ultramafic substrates was conducted in Valle d’Aosta (North-West Italy) to verify whether a relationship can be detected between substrate and functional traits that cannot be explained by other environmental factors related to altitude. Analyses (unweighted pair group mean average clustering, canonical correspondence analysis, similarity-difference-replacement simplex approach) of global lichen diversity on ultramafic substrates (2314 reports of 881 taxa from 43 areas) displayed a zonal species distribution in different climate zones rather than an azonal distribution driven by the shared substrate. Accordingly, variations in the frequency of functional attributes reflected reported adaptations to the climate conditions of the different geographic areas. At the regional scale, higher similarity and lower species replacement were detected at each altitude, independent from the substrate, suggesting that altitude-related climate factors prevail over putative substrate–factors in driving community assemblages. In conclusion, data do not reveal peculiarities in lichen diversity or the frequency of functional traits in ultramafic areas

A Regulatory Network for Coordinated Flower Maturation

For self-pollinating plants to reproduce, male and female organ development must be coordinated as flowers mature. The Arabidopsis transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6) and ARF8 regulate this complex process by promoting petal expansion, stamen filament elongation, anther dehiscence, and gynoecium maturation, thereby ensuring that pollen released from the anthers is deposited on the stigma of a receptive gynoecium. ARF6 and ARF8 induce jasmonate production, which in turn triggers expression of MYB21 and MYB24, encoding R2R3 MYB transcription factors that promote petal and stamen growth. To understand the dynamics of this flower maturation regulatory network, we have characterized morphological, chemical, and global gene expression phenotypes of arf, myb, and jasmonate pathway mutant flowers. We found that MYB21 and MYB24 promoted not only petal and stamen development but also gynoecium growth. As well as regulating reproductive competence, both the ARF and MYB factors promoted nectary development or function and volatile sesquiterpene production, which may attract insect pollinators and/or repel pathogens. Mutants lacking jasmonate synthesis or response had decreased MYB21 expression and stamen and petal growth at the stage when flowers normally open, but had increased MYB21 expression in petals of older flowers, resulting in renewed and persistent petal expansion at later stages. Both auxin response and jasmonate synthesis promoted positive feedbacks that may ensure rapid petal and stamen growth as flowers open. MYB21 also fed back negatively on expression of jasmonate biosynthesis pathway genes to decrease flower jasmonate level, which correlated with termination of growth after flowers have opened. These dynamic feedbacks may promote timely, coordinated, and transient growth of flower organs

The impact of ‘framing’ in the adoption of GM crops

ABSTRACTGenetically modified (GM) crops offer significant advantages in our crop improvement programs because they are created using a more targeted approach which is not possible in traditional breeding methods. Human benefit is one of the main objectives of crop improvement but the legal framework for the introduction of GM crops and the depiction and portrayal of GM crops in the media create barriers to these benefits. This article attempts to highlight the barriers to GM crop adoption particularly focusing on the idea of “framing” and the way GM technology is framed in the media. The resulting public health, economic, and ecological concerns about genetically modified plants, along with the reality of these misconceptions, are discussed with specific examples. Finally, we propose potential routes toward increased acceptance of GM crops

A Review article: Topical Drug Delivery System (Skin)

In general; many approaches found to delivered the drug to the site of action, one of these approaches used the skin barrier as a rout to reach the drug to the local or systemic targeting; Both local and transdermal drug product are intended for external use (applied on the skin). It was localized action on one or more layers of the skin, or may reach to the systemic circulation to get systemic effect. So, in this review authors aimed to highlight on the anatomy of the skin layers epidermis, dermis and hypodermis (to know the way of the drug transport), drug application, drug penetration through the skin, factors affecting on the skin drug absorption, advantage of this rout and limitation of the drug delivery system; in addition to mention to many examples of this dosage forms are used in drug delivery system. Finally, this approach of drug delivery system is widely used and preferred from the patient at any life stages because of its improved the patient compliance and decreased the side effects of drugs in addition to easy rout of admiration and avoid pain and suitable to patient with swallowed problem