Neoteric Fuzzy Control Stratagem and Design of Chopper fed Multilevel Inverter for Enhanced Voltage Output Involving Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Applications

The utilization of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) has started to garner more attention worldwide considering the environmental and economic benefits. This has led to the invention of new technologies and motifs associated with batteries, bidirectional converters and inverters for Electric Vehicle applications. In this paper, a novel design and control of chopper circuit is proposed and configured with the series and parallel connection of the power electronic based switches for two-way operation of the converter. The bidirectional action of the proposed converter makes it suitable for plug-in electric vehicle applications as the grid is becoming smarter. The DC–DC converter is further interfaced with the designed multilevel inverter (MLI). The reduced switches associated with the novel design of MLI have overcome the cons associated with the conventional inverters in terms of enhanced performance in the proposed design. Further, novel control strategies have been proposed for the DC–DC converter based on Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy based control logic. For the first time, the performance of the entire system is evaluated based on the comparison of proposed PI, fuzzy, and hybrid controllers. New rules have been formulated for the Fuzzy based controllers that are associated with the Converter design. This has further facilitated the interface of bidirectional DC–DC converter with the proposed MLI for an enhanced output voltage. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid controller provides better performance in terms of voltage gain, ripple, efficiency and overall aspects of power quality that forms the crux for PEV applications. The novelty of the design and control of the overall topology has been manifested based on simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK

An Extensive Review of Multilevel Inverters Based on Their Multifaceted Structural Configuration, Triggering Methods and Applications

Power electronic converters are used to transform one form of energy to another. They are classified into four types depending upon the nature of the input and output voltages. The inverter is one among those types; it converts direct electrical current into alternating electrical current at desired frequency. Conventional types of inverters are capable of producing voltage at the output terminal that can only switch between two levels. The range of output voltage generated at the output is low when they are used for high power applications. To improve the voltage profile and efficiency of the overall system, multilevel inverters (MLIs) are introduced. In multilevel inverters the voltage at the output terminal is generated from several DC voltage levels fed at its input. The generated output is more appropriate to a sine wave and the dv/dt rating is also less leading to the reduction in EMI. Though they possess many advantages compared to the conventional inverters, the structural complexity and triggering techniques involved in designing multilevel inverters are high. Many studies are being carried out in defining new topologies of MLI with reduced switch as well as with the implementation of different PWM techniques. This paper will provide an extensive review on variety of MLI configurations based on the parameters such as the number of switches, switching techniques, symmetric, asymmetric, hybrid topologies, configurations based on applications, THD and power quality

Design of Novel HG-SIQBC-Fed Multilevel Inverter for Standalone Microgrid Applications

The growth of distributed power generation using renewable energy sources has led to the development of new-generation power electronic converters. This is because DC–DC converters and inverters form the fundamental building blocks in numerous applications, which include renewable integrations, energy harvesting, and transportation. Additionally, they play a vital role in microgrid applications. The deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) with renewable sources such as solar has paved the way for microgrid support systems, thus forming an efficient electric grid. To enhance the voltage of such sources and to integrate them into the grid, high-gain DC–DC converters and inverter circuits are required. In this paper, a novel single-switch high-gain converter (HG-SIQBC) with quadratic voltage gain and wide controllable range of load is proposed, the output of which is fed to a modified multilevel inverter for conversion of voltage. The overall performance of the newly designed converter and inverter is analyzed and compared with the existing topologies. A prototype of the investigated multilevel inverter is designed and tested in the laboratory. Development and testing of such novel topologies have become the need of the hour as the grid becomes smarter with increased penetration of distributed resources

Lithium-Ion Batteries—The Crux of Electric Vehicles with Opportunities and Challenges

With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in a wide range of consumer electronics products, the CE industry has undergone a dramatic shift. The Li-ion battery has emerged as the heart of electric cars, and the focus has now shifted to the automotive sector. Liquid crystal displays have evolved over time to meet the demands of automobiles. International research groups and the performance of production electric vehicles are used to discuss and inform vehicle-driven battery targets. There is still a lot of room for improvement in terms of energy, life expectancy, cost, safety, and fast-charging capabilities for LIBs suited for the automotive sector. In this study, a review of lithium-ion battery applications in electric vehicles is presented