EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF MIMOSA PUDICA LINN. (FABACEAE)

Objective: To investigate the in vivo anticancer and immunostimulatory activity of dichloromethane (DCM) extract of flowers of Mimosa pudica and its isolated compound 11β hydroxy-3 methoxy 1,2 dehydro crinane.Methods: The anticancer activity was performed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line in Swiss albino mice. The activity was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological, and histopathological parameters of EAC-bearing animals. The immunostimulatory activity was performed through carbon clearance, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), neutrophil adhesion and humoral antibody (HA) titer methods.Results: At the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day p.o for the extracts and 2.5 mg/kg/day p.o. for the isolated compound, significantly decrease the tumor volume (3.46±0.135 ml, 2.25±0.153 ml, and 1.84±0.012), increased the life span (59.32%, 76.39%, and 82.43%) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased tumor weight as compared with control. Hematological profiles were found to be nearly normal level in extract treated mice compared with tumor bearing control mice. The immunostimulatory activity was also found to be effective in the above dosage regimen. The results revealed that animals treated with above doses show a significant increase in the rate of carbon clearance from blood, increase in HA titer value, increase in neutrophil adhesion and significant (p<0.05) increase in mean paw edema in DTH reactions in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the extract is possessing dose-dependent anticancer activity and immunostimulatory activity attributed to the presence of crinane alkaloid

CHEMOTHERAPY OF LEISHMANIASIS – A REVIEW

Leishmaniasis is a dismissed vector-borne tropical contamination thought to be an ailment of poor people. It is a standout among the most ignored tropical sickness as far as medication disclosure and improvement. Moved in neediness stricken nations inside Southeast Asia, East Africa, and Latin America, it is likewise endemic in a few Mediterranean nations. The administration of the heterogeneous disorders controlled by parasites having a place with the genus Leishmania is, especially troublesome in created, non-endemic nations attributable to the newness of doctors with clinical side effects, demonstrative conceivable outcomes, and accessible treatment choices. Most antileishmanial medications are very lethal and introduce resistance issues or require hospitalization, being along these lines not sufficient to the field. As of late changes have been accomplished by blend treatment, decreasing the time, and cost of treatment. Regardless, new medications are still direly required. This overview highlights the chemotherapeutic operators against leishmaniasis, their science, method of activity and the component of resistance in the parasite. Future viewpoints in the territory of new hostile to leishmanial sedate targets are likewise specified.Â

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MUCOADHESSIVE MATRIX TABLETS OF LEVAMISOLE: ASSEMENT OF PURIFIED FRUIT PULP POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM AEGLE MARMELOS AS MUCOADHESIVE EXCIPIENT

ABSTRACTObjective: Mucoadhesive tablets have been developed for Levamisole using natural mucoadhesive material such as purified polysaccharide isolated fromthe ripe fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos. Lin (AMPS) and evaluate in-vitro, in-vivo mucoadhesive properties to assess its efficacy as mucoadhesive agent.Method: The tablets were formulated with AMPS in different concentration employing wet granulation method. Pre-compression tests, tabletparametric tests, swelling index and In-vitro drug release kinetics were performed. Optimization of formulation was done on the basis of controlledand maximum amount of drug release with respect to time. In-vitro, ex-vivo evaluation of mucoadhesion was performed with all prepared formulationbut in-vivo evaluation was done by X-ray with optimized formulation (F40) in rabbit. Stability studies were carried out according to ICH guide linewith optimized formulation.Results: The tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and swelling index increase as the natural polymer concentration increase. The releaseKinetics and mechanism of release were calculated by fitting in-vitro release data in various models demonstrating that release. In vitro drug releaseof the optimized batch (F40) was best fitted and explained by Korsemeyer–Peppas and zero order drug release; (Rp=0.9891) and (Ro=0.9842)showed highest linearity and n value 0.97>0.5<1. Hence, pattern of drug release by non-Fickian erosion controlled release. Studies of the optimizedformulation demonstrate no significant change in the tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and drug assay.Conclusion: These research outcomes clearly specify the potential of the AMPS to be used as mucoadhesive, release retardent natural material intablet formulationKeywords: Polysaccharide, Acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid, Aegle marmelos, Levamisole, Mucoadhessive

BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY BETWEEN TWO MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF METFORMIN ON GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN RABBIT

Objective: Bioequivalence studies are the commonly accepted methods displaying therapeutic equivalence between two products. This study was conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence study of anti-diabetic activity between two formulations of metformin tablets which were marketed in India.Methods: In in vitro study five essential in vitro tests including disintegration, weight variation, hardness, friability and a comparative in vitro dissolution study were performed.Results: For in vivo study adult male rabbits were divided into three groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and the second and third group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose of second and third group was estimated and after that received formulation X and formulation Y, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After 15 d again blood glucose of second and third group was estimated and compare the results of both the group. This shows the favourable response of metformin against glucocorticoid-induced renal damage and hyperglycemia.Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the extent, rate of absorption and anti-diabetic activity of two different formulations of metformin tablets are bioequivalent to each other

FORMULATION AND STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF BILAYER SUBLINGUAL TABLETS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The aim of the present study is to formulate and optimize bilayer sublingual tablets of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Ambroxolhydrochloride using a 23 response surface methodology employing design expert-10.0. Sodium starch glycolate and Camphor were selected asindependent variables while disintegration time (sec) and water absorption ratio (%) were considered as responses.Methods: The bilayer sublingual tablets were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for various evaluation parameters including hardness,thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water absorption ratio and disintegration time. The prepared optimized bilayer sublingualtablets of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Ambroxol hydrochloride having above 2 responses-disintegration time (sec) and water absorption ratio.Results: The optimized batch having concentration of sodium starch glycolate and camphor was found within the standard limit of parametersdisintegrationtime (sec) and water absorption ratio (%) as 61 sec and 69.67%.Conclusion: The direct compression method in this study is relatively simple and safe and a stable, effective and pleasant tasting bilayer sublingualtablet, which has a good balance over disintegration time and water absorption ratio, was formulated.Keywords: Levocetirizine hydrochloride, Ambroxol hydrochloride, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, Camphor, Statistical optimization

Development and Statistical optimization of mucoadhesive drug delivery system of famotidine using Hibiscus esculentus polysaccharide

The presentstudy was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral mucoadhesive drug deliverysystem of purified Hibiscus esculentusL polysaccharide (HEP) using famotidine as model drug. A centralcomposite design for 2 factors at 3 levels each was employed to evaluate theeffect of critical variables i.e. concentration of HEP and PVP K30 on drugrelease and mucoadhesive properties of the formulated tablets. FT-IRspectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was carried out to evaluatedrug polymer interaction. Formulated tablets were evaluated for physicalproperties, drug release characteristic and physical stability. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study using goatgastric mucosa was carried out to ascertain the mucoadhesion potential offormulated tablets.The responsesurface analysis clearly indicated the dominating effect of HEP on mucoadhesivestrength, mucoadhesion time and dissolution half life, while PVP K30 has anadditive effect on all afore mentioned responses. The drug release from thematrix tablets was highly affected by the concentration of release retardantspolysaccharide. The kinetics of drug release was found to be first order in lowconcentration but with increase in polymer concentration the release patternshifted towards zero order and is governed by both Higuchi and Hixson-Crowelequation indicating a coupling effect of diffusion and erosion. The result ofthe study suggests that, HEP can be optimistically explored as excellentmucoadhesive agent with controlled release characteristics

A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALITY FOUND IN DIFFERENT MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN RABBIT

Objective: The aim of this study was performed to evaluate Antidiabetic potentiality found in different marketed polyherbal formulation using glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in the rabbit.Methods: The potentiality of different polyherbal formulation was investigated using dexamethasone (DEX) induced hyperglycaemia in Rabbit. Eight male rabbits were divided into four groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and remaining three group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose estimated by using a glucometer and it is found that DXE treatment leads to significant increase in levels of glucose and a significant decrease in body weight. After that second group received metformin tablet. The third and fourth group received polyherbal formulation A and formulation B, which are powdered and dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After completion of regular administration for 15 d, the blood glucose was again estimated and compare the results of each the group.Conclusion: The Anti-diabetic polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found a therapeutic equivalence to each other, also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet.Results: The result was found that the polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found significantly decreased in blood glucose level at equal potentiality, which can be consider as therapeutic equivalence to each other, and both the formulation also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet.Â

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE AERIAL PART OF THE HERB LEUCAS PLUKENETII SPRENG (FAMILY-LAMINACEAE)

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spreng (family-laminaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the herb Leucas Plukenetiispreng (family-laminaceae) was prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Leucas Plukenetii Spreng. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Leucas Plukenetii Spreng contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The ethnaolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEM OF THE HERB BASELLA ALBA L. VAR RUBRA (L.) STEWART (FAMILY-BASELLACEAE)

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) along with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of stems of the herb Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out and it revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, terpene, saponin. The presence of these bioactive constituents is associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. The extract solvated by ethanol showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria namely E. coli, S. aureus, and fungi namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The study showed that the extract has a marked Sensitivity towards antibacterial strains namely E. coli, S. aureus, and antifungal strain namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum.Conclusion: The present study concluded ethanolic extract of stem of theBasella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewartrevels many phytochemicals such as carbohydrate,tenin, saponin etc. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards