Die Suche nach dem Heiligen Gral - über die Probleme linker Parteien in Polen

Eine Krise ist zugleich ein Wendemoment, eine Umbruchszeit, die eintritt, wenn ein Fortbestehen und Handeln wie bisher nicht mehr möglich sind und eine gelungene Anpassung an die Veränderungen überlebensnotwendig wird. Die polnische Linke hat unlängst ihre größte Niederlage seit den Wahlen von 1989 erlebt. Im polnischen Parlament ist weder eine linke Partei noch eine linke Koalition vertreten, und nur wenige Abgeordnete lassen sich durch ihre Ansichten dem (mitte-)linkspolitischen Spektrum zuordnen. Einer Umfrage von Mitte September 2016 zufolge (und damit fast ein Jahr nach den letzten Parlamentswahlen), liegt die Unterstützung für das Bündnis der Demokratischen Linken (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) bei 3%. Die kurz vor den Wahlen gebildete Partei junger Aktivisten Razem (Gemeinsam) erreichte 2%. Kurz gesagt: Das Alte ist gestorben und das Neue ist - womöglich - erst im Entstehen

A method for assessing compatibility changes between output signals in analysis of investigation results

W pracy przedstawiono propozycję strategii postępowania w trakcie oceny zgodności zmian jakie zachodzą między dwoma dowolnymi sygnałami lub parametrami, mierzalnymi na wyjściu badanego procesu. Zaproponowana idea stanowi alternatywę dla tradycyjnie stosowanej metody statystycznej, opartej na wyznaczeniu związków korelacyjnych. Warunkiem poprawnego zastosowania proponowanej oceny zgodności jest rejestracja wartości sygnałów w sposób chronologiczny i synchroniczny. Metodę tą dotychczas użyto do analizy związków zachodzących między wielkościami wyjściowymi w procesie szlifowania, dowodząc jej efektywności, przy okazji ujawniając istotne cechy współwystępujących zjawisk w strefie szlifowania.The paper proposes a strategy for analysis procedure during the conformity assessment of changes that occur between two signals or parameters measured at the investigated process output. The presented idea is an alternative to the traditional statistical method based on determining the correlation. The condition for correct application of the proposed assessment of compliance is recording the signals in a chronological and synchronous way. The method is based on determining the degree of similarity between the elementary lines creating a full course of the compared signals. For each line linking adjacent measurement points there is determined the slope angle and direction in relation to the axis. The similarity rate between any two signals is built based on weight assessment. The conventional methods for determining approximations can give a large error for estimated approximations (understate result) in case of repeated changes of direction of the parameter values in time domain. Such changes cause the accumulation of points in groups on the regression plot. The developed method introduces a strategy to consider this type of behavior. It can be expected that this method can be successfully used to describe correlations between the output signals parameters. It seems to be more appropriate than estimation of the correlation coefficient for non cause-effect relationships. This method was used for analysis of the relationships between the output signal values in the grinding process. Its effectiveness was proved and the important features of co-existing phenomena in the grinding zone were shown

Use of acoustic emission signal rms value and artificial intelligence methods for grinding wheel wear evaluation

W pracy przedstawiono propozycję oceny zużycia ściernic metodą pośrednią, opartą na analizie wartości skutecznej sygnału emisji akustycznej. Umiejętność podejmowania decyzji jest jednym z elementów wyróżniających inteligentne działanie, dlatego budowa systemu diagnostyki, który charakteryzowałby się takimi właściwościami wymaga użycia odpowiedniego narzędzia wykonawczego. Włączenie w układ monitorujący teorii zbiorów rozmytych, pozwoliło dokonać oszacowania stopnia stępienia czynnej powierzchni ściernicy i oceny jej okresu trwałości w trakcie procesu szlifowania.In the paper the indirect method of grinding wheel wear evaluation is presented. This method is based on analysis of the root-mean-square value of an acoustic emission signal (AE). Application of the acoustic emission signal as a measure of changes occurring in the grinding zone enables the indirect assessment of the process without its stopping. The ability to take a decision is one of the elements distinguishing intelligent activities. Design of a diagnostic system with such kind of abilities requires the use of an appropriate executive tool. The conditional attributes for an intelligent expert system were set basing on the analysis of the test results, and in particular on the grinding process output values. For individual attributes there were assumed appropriate limit values representing a sharp, average or strongly used grinding wheel not suitable for further work. As a criterion of wear there were assumed macro- and micro-changes in the active surface of the grinding wheel as well as the stress in te top layer of the workpiece. The methods of artificial intelligence were implemented in the system to ensure its correct operation. Fuzzy logic included in the monitoring system allowed estimating the degree of the grinding wheel active surface wear and its lifetime during flat surface grinding. The complete system of the grinding wheel wear control which takes into account the temporary cutting ability and the chosen quality criterion is just a conceptional solution. It is expected that this system can successfully be used for construction of monitoring units and control of machining process

The effect of process parameters on grinding forces and acoustic emission in machining tool steel 1.2201/NC10

The article presents the association of the output signals of the grinding process with the machining parameters. The article focuses on assessing the suitability of grinding force signal and acoustic signal acquisition for different process conditions. In the first part of the article the kinematic contact of abrasive grain with the workpiece analysis was carried out. By analogy to the micro-cutting process, geometric analyses are presented and the process parameters that have a major impact on the grinding zone load are indicated. Analytically it has been shown that elementary grinding speeds (wheel and workpiece speed) and grinding depth have a significant effect on recorded signal values. The work also presents a set of factors and phenomena that are sources of acoustic emission impulses in the grinding process. For a selected range of grinding parameters, an experimental verification was performed. The article presents the highly correlated relationship between grain penetration depth (maximum uncut chip thickness) and grinding force components, as well as the effective value of acoustic emission. The output signals of the grinding process were also compared, indicating the advantage of the acoustic emission signal above the grinding force in terms of the reaction speed (and lag) of the sensors to the phenomena occurring in the grinding zone

Surface evaluation during the grinding process using acoustic emission signal

The hereby article presents results of experimental tests which prove the possibility of indirect evaluation of the grinded object's quality with the application of monitoring and analysis of selected acoustic emission signal (AE) registered during the machining process. As the grinding process is carried out and the grinding wheel wear progresses, the acoustic emission signal value is shaped adequately to the workpiece surface quality changes. The binding descriptor of changes of roughness profile and material residual stresses is the RMS value of the acoustic emission signal and in particular the statistical features that characterize the distribution of values contained in the signal sample in relation to the average value. The analysis results indicate that the acoustic emission signal is a convenient indicator for evaluation of stresses cumulated in the surface layer of the material and in selected surface geometrical structure parameters

The simulation models of transport problems solving with Arena software

W artykule przedstawiono modele symulacyjne zdefiniowane za pomocą programu Arena firmy Rockwell Automation, Inc. Każdy z opisanych w pracy modeli posiada własną strukturę i odpowiada przyjętemu algorytmowi wyboru racjonalnego przydziału trasy transportowej. Kryterium wyboru najlepszego wariantu (i tym samym najskuteczniejszego modelu) był całkowity koszt transportu zamówionego towaru z 6 różnych magazynów hurtowni budowlanej. Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza wykazała przydatność zastosowania modeli komputerowych i przeprowadzania symulacji do rozwiązywania zagadnień transportowych.The paper presents simulation models defined with Arena of Rockwell Automation, Inc. Each of the five models described in the article has its own structure and corresponds to the adopted algorithm to choose the rational allocation of transport routes. The criterion for choosing the best option (and thus the most effective model) was the total cost of transport of goods ordered from 6 different storage of wholesale building materials supplier. Carried out in the article analysis showed the usefulness of the use of computer modelling and simulation to solve transportation problems

Common defects in injection molding of plastic products and their influence on product quality

The article deals with issues related to quality management and quality assessment in production of plastic articles in injection moulding. Expert knowledge collected in textbooks and literature allows to get acquainted with the characteristics of plastic article production and product quality defects arising in such processes. The characteristics and technology of plastics processing are discussed, the most frequent quality defects occurring in the production of articles made of plastics by injection molding are listed. On the basis of expert knowledge collected in the literature, a series of actions leading to the elimination of each of the mentioned quality defects has also been proposed

Selection of mathematical models for analysis of the surface roughness in the scattered light measurements of the comparative standards

W pracy przedstawiono sposób doboru modeli matematycznych przydatnych w analizie wybranych parametrów chropowatości w pomiarach skaterometrycznych. Modele wyznaczano dla powierzchni porównawczych wzorców chropowatości, dla których rejestrowano obrazy światła rozproszonego, za pomocą układu pomiarowego wykorzystującego wielokamerowy system wizyjny CV-3000 firmy Keyence. Szeroki program badań eksperymentalnych pozwolił opracować statystycznie istotne modele, które w postaci programu pomiarowego umożliwiają ocenę parametru Rz (w zakresie od 0,8 do 25 μm) oraz Ra (w zakresie od 0,07 do 3,7 μm).The light scattering phenomenon is often used in modern optical metrology for the assessment of roughness of the precisely machined surfaces of machine parts, medical devices and measurement instruments. The developed over more than 60 years ideas for use of this phenomenon became the basis of a number of measuring techniques. Some of them use a digital image of the scattered light, which is the carrier of information about the state of the inspected surface. Its analysis as well as proper interpretation can be used to characterization of the surface texture parameters and enable the correlation of image parameters with selected parameters of the surface roughness. The paper presents a method for the selection of mathematical models, which can be useful in the analysis of selected parameters of the surface roughness measured using the scattered light. The models were determined for surfaces of the comparative roughness standards. Additionally for these standards were acquired images of the angular intensity distribution of the scattered light by means of the measuring setup which used a multi-camera universal machine vision system CV-3000 series produced by Keyence. Wide scope of the experimental research program allowed to develop a statistically significant models, which can be applied in the form of measuring program developed in CV-H3N 2.1 software. The program is used for assessment of the Rz and Ra parameters in the range of (respectively) from 0.8 to 25 μm and from 0.07 to 3.7 μm

Contemporary applications of magnetoreological fluids for finishing process

The article presents the current state of knowledge on the use of magnetorheological fluids for finishing processes. The paper descsribes the type of the materials and surfaces to be machined and the composition of the magnetorheological fluids used in this area. The most interesting applications were described in more detail, paying particular attention to the schematic diagram of the test stands, obtained results of experimental tests and the results of roughness measurements of the surfaces exposed to magnetically controlled fluids. The article also describes the directions of the newest experimental and simulation research on the application of magnetorheological fluids in the field