Cultivation of Black Goji Berry (Lycium Ruthenicum Murr.) in the Trans Himalayan Region Ladakh Agro Technique Harvest, Yield and Cost Benefit Analysis

The present study discusses the agro technique, harvesting, yield, and economics of less explored highly medicinal plant black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum). It was observed that black goji berries can be easily cultivated through seed, pencil-thickness hardwood stem cuttings, and rootstock. Black goji berry harvesting is a very difficult and tedious task for goji growing farmers as the berries get easily ruptured during harvesting and lose their content. To address these obstacles, DIHAR-DRDO, Leh conducted several goji berry harvesting trials deploying various techniques. Collecting fruits/berries to their full potential requires careful planning and tactics, which involves the use of an appropriate harvesting method that minimizes damage. After performing various method of harvesting, the best outcome was reported in cutting the fruit-bearing branch method as its less expensive with minimum fruit damage (5 %), time-saving, and retain the quality of fruit as compared to the other harvesting methods. An approximate cost production and net profit calculation were performed for 1011.71 square meters (02 Kanal) plantations of L. ruthenicum to their average yield of fruit production per plant. The average yield of three-year-old hardwood stem cutting and uprooted plant is 500-600 gm of fresh berry per plant on average. The economic relation to the cost production of L. ruthenicum is highly beneficial and it has all the capabilities of enhancing the socio-economy of the fragile ecosystem

Rupture of the Left External Iliac Artery and Right Groin Pseudoaneurysm Formation following Angioplasty in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Undiagnosed Bilateral Phaeochromocytoma

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition, which affects 1 in every 3000 births. Patients with NF1 are at increased risk of a variety of vascular abnormalities. This report presents the case of a 60-year-old male with NF1 who suffered a left external iliac rupture and a right pseudoaneurysm following angioplasty. In addition, these were further complicated by previously undiagnosed, bilateral phaeochromocytomas. The inherent weakness in vessel wall architecture found in NF1 coupled with the hypertension evident during and after the procedure contributed to haemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm formation. Caution must be taken in such patients when considering vascular intervention

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Case Report Rupture of the Left External Iliac Artery and Right Groin Pseudoaneurysm Formation following Angioplasty in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Undiagnosed Bilateral Phaeochromocytoma

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition, which affects 1 in every 3000 births. Patients with NF1 are at increased risk of a variety of vascular abnormalities. This report presents the case of a 60-year-old male with NF1 who suffered a left external iliac rupture and a right pseudoaneurysm following angioplasty. In addition, these were further complicated by previously undiagnosed, bilateral phaeochromocytomas. The inherent weakness in vessel wall architecture found in NF1 coupled with the hypertension evident during and after the procedure contributed to haemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm formation. Caution must be taken in such patients when considering vascular intervention

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients Presenting with Mushroom Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Accidental mushroom poisoning is constantly seen and regularly reported from all over world. Exact magnitude of problem and its clinical profile in Nepal is not well known. This study was done to evaluate clinical profile and treatment outcome of patients presenting with mushroom poisoning in the department of internal medicine, BPKIHS, Dharan. 
 Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in department of internal medicine, BPKIHS, Dharan from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2009. Informed consent was taken. All the patients were subjected to necessary laboratory investigation. They were followed up at 1 week and 1 month after discharge. 
 Results: All together 60 patients were analyzed. Majority of subjects 56 (93.3%) were from rural areas. Vomiting and diarrhea were the two most common presentations seen in 56 (93.3%) subjects. The latent period for the symptoms were > 6 hours in 4 (6.7%) and < 6 hours in 56 (93.3%) subjects. Fulminant hepatic failure was seen in 6 (10%) subjects and among them 4 (66.7%) expired. After admission 3 (5%) subjects developed GI bleeding. Average duration of hospital stay was 4.6 days. In follow up recovery was complete in all subjects who survived the acute phase of poisoning. 
 Conclusions: Especially in patients coming during rainy season mushroom poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Mortality is high in subjects with FHF whereas recovery is complete in subjects who survived the acute phase. Keywords: fulminant hepatic failure; gastroenteritis; mushroom poisoning; wild mushrooms

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