(3R,5S)-5(3)-Carb­oxy-3,4,5,6-tetra­hydro-2H-1,4-thia­zin-4-ium-3(5)-carboxyl­ate

The molecule of the zwitterionic title compound, C6H9NO4S, which lies on a mirror plane, shows a puckered chair conformation of the six-membered ring with the S and N atoms out of the mean plane of the other four C atoms by 0.929 (2) and 0.647 (2) Å, respectively. The ionized carboxyl group is equatorially oriented. The hydrogen-bonding network includes very short O—H⋯O [2.470 (2) Å] and N—H⋯S [3.471 (2) and 3.416 (2) Å] inter­molecular contacts

Razors, Horse Bits or Axes; Search of the Different Composition in Common Use Bronze Villanovan Objects (VIII-VII Century BC, Italy) by Multivariate Analysis

One of the main issues still not resolved is to what extent casters were capable to change the composition of the bronze objects in order to meet the demands of the "market". To face this problem it is necessary to study a large number of items produced by a single foundry with modern analytical techniques. The discovery of a Dolium at the end of 1800, buried near a furnace containing more than 14,000 pieces of bronze objects allowed performing compositional analysis on virtually every item of daily use. The objects were found in central Italy near Bologna in the so called "ripostiglio di San Francesco" ("hoard of San Francesco"). 431 measurements were carried out using portable energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF). Abundance of the main elements (Cu, Sn, Pb, Fe, Sb, Ag, As) in the bronze alloy was analysed on 229 objects, after their brushing in order to remove the "patina" of oxidation. On 126 objects a single point was analysed ( with measurement repetition), while on 155 objects two or more points were investigated. The research objects were chosen among the 14,000 pieces by museum curators and were grouped in 15 categories based on a visual and functional study. The complete data set was studied by chemometric analyses with Explorative Data Analysis techniques. The results of this preliminary study could not identify a clear correlation between composition and destination of use. However, some of the technical aspects of the fusion process were highlighted by this research

Iron stains on paper. Can electrophoretic removal become an effective alternative to chemical cleaning?

Research in restoration and conservation is directed vs. more sustainable working materials, methods and technologies. Electrophoretic removal, from porous material, of undesired stains due to charged species is theoretically an interesting alternative to chemical cleaning methods, but the lack of specific and comprehensive research work leads to controversial opinions about the efficiency and the needed harmfulness for the treated objects. In this work paper, samples with artificial rust stains were subjected to electrophoretic cleaning treatments in mineral water as electrolyte. Treatments were carried out either in a bath by complete sample immersion between the distanced electrodes or by sample wetting and sandwiching between the electrodes. Evaluation of cleaning efficiency and treatment effects was based on colour change measurements (image analysis of scanned paper samples before and after the treatment and by colorimetric data via spectrophotometric measurements), investigation of morphological changes by SEM observations and folding endurance measurements

RESPIROMETRIC TESTS ON YEAST CELLS LOCATED IN A SMALL SATELLITE SYSTEM

The primary aim of the research is to investigate about the respiratory activity (thermodynamics and kinetics) of eukaryotic cells in no gravity medium. This information can be precious both with reference to human activity in the same conditions and to possible applications to environmental sensing by respirometry [1-4]. One of the human main activities is surely respiration as strictly related to life condition: when breathing is not permitted, life expires. What happens to this function when excreted in a small satellite system ? How do the specific conditions there present affect the capacity of oxygen uptake and the shape of a respiration curve? In this presentation we face a research aiming to study the behaviour of a well common respirometric system, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast cells when located within a closed system positioned inside a small satellite system. The experiments require particularly high attentions the respirometric models by themselves suffer a quite high variability (about 8%) due to the difficulty to rigorously control all the experimental conditions starting from the number of the tested cells. More the miniaturization of the Clark electrode to amperometrically determine oxygen brings to a further reason of uncertainness related to the high current density and consequent polarisation. On choosing with critical and analytical point of view the different aspects of the experiment we succeed in obtaining both a marked reproducibility (within 8%) and a stable signal, so the possibility to check any variation that would affect results, freeing us from misunderstanding these variations as due to the uncommon location of the experiment. Some problems were faced such as the aggregation of the cells able to close the circuit where solution is flowing in the experimental system, the formation of gaseous bubbles going to constitute cause of increasing electric resistance ,the rigorous stability of the applied tension, the miniaturization of reactor passed from a mean 20 mL model in normal lab to 1ml and less model when located in a small satellite system. In fig. 1,2,3,4 rhe components of trhe experimental circuit with electronics,cell,circuit and CAD projec

Test respirometrico su cellule di lievito in un piccolo satellite

Il principale obiettivo della ricerca è quello di indagare l’attività respiratoria (termodinamica e cinetica) di cellule eucariote in ambiente di microgravità. L’esito della ricerca fornirà informazioni preziose ai fini delle attività umane nelle stesse condizioni di microgravità e allo scopo di una possibile applicazione nel campo del monitoraggio ambientale attraverso la respirometriaThe primary aim of the research (founded by Latium Region POR FSER LAZIO 2007/2013 Asse I - Attività I “ERMES”) is to investigate about the respiratory activity (thermodynamics and kinetics) of eukaryotic cells in micro gravity medium. This information can be precious both with reference to human activity in the same conditions and to possible applications to environmental sensing by respirometr