5 research outputs found

    Föräldrars och elevers möjlighet att påverka skoltillhörighet mellan särskola och skola 

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    Parents and students opportunity to influence school affiliation between special school and schoo

    Osastonhoitajien kokemuksia sijaisjäjestelmästä Keski-Pohjanmaan keskussairaalassa

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    Tutkimuksemme tarkoituksena oli kuvata osastonhoitajien kokemuksia sijaisjärjestelmästä Keski-Pohjanmaan keskussairaalassa. Tarkoituksena oli myös selvittää, miten sijaisjärjestelmää voitaisiin kehittää entistä toimivammaksi ja näin osaltaan turvata potilaiden laadukas ja hyvä hoito. Tutkimus oli kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin joulukuussa 2009 teemahaastattelun avulla. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä. Tutkimukseen osallistui kuusi (6) osastonhoitajaa Keski-Pohjanmaan keskussairaalasta, joilla kaikilla oli kokemusta sijaisärjestelmän käytöstä. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella osastonhoitajat ovat pääosin tyytyväisiä sijaisjärjestelmään ja rekrytointiyksikön toimintaan. Rekrytointiyksikön perustaminen on helpottanut osastonhoitajien työtä. Tuloksista selvisi, että sijaisten saatavuus rekrytointiyksiköstä on pääosin hyvää. Myös yhteistyö koettiin hyvänä. Tutkimustuloksista selvisi myös se, että sijaisten ammattitaito ei vastaa työn vaatimuksia sillä perehdyttäminen työhön on puutteellista. Lisäksi osastonhoitajat esittivät joitakin kehittämisehdotuksia sijaisjärjestelmään. Opinnäytetyömme on ajankohtainen, sillä terveydenhuoltoalalla on kasvava tarve uusista ja pätevistä työntekijöistä. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää kehittämällä sijaisjärjestelmää toimivarnmaksi. Aihe on tärkeä, sillä sijaisuus on arkipäivää yhä useammalle sairaanhoitajalle ja myös meille tulevina hoitotyön ammattilaisina.The purpose of our study is to describe the head nurses' experiences concerning the substitute system in the Central Ostrobothnia's Central Hospital. The aim was to find out how the substitute system could be further developed to function better and how by doing so it can contribute to ensuring high quality care for patients. The study was qualitative. Research material was compiled in December 2009 with theme interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the material. Six (6) head nurses from the Central Ostrobothnia's Central Hospital took part in the study. All of them had experience in using the substitute system. According to the results of this study, head nurses are mainly satisfied with the substitute system, well as with the overall activities carried out by the recruitment unit. The establishing of the recruitment unit has facilitated the work of head nurses. The results indicate that availability of substitutes through the recruitment unit is mainly on a good level. Experiences about co-operation were also positive. The results also showed that the professional skills and abilities of substitutes not correspond with the demands of the work because work familiarization is insufficient. In addition, head nurses expressed some development ideas for the substitute system. There is a growing need for new, competent employees in the health care sector making the topic of our thesis current. The research results can be utilized in the further development of the substitut system in an effort to make it function better. The topic is an important one because temporary replacements are a reality for a growing number of nurses, which also applies to us as future nursing professionals

    Influence of polymorphic metabolic enzymes on biotransformation and effects of diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

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    Objectives To identify effect modification produced by genetic traits found in metabolic enzymes, to investigate how these affect the levels of different biomarkers of sprayed and thermo-degraded polyurethane (PUR) based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and to determine how associated respiratory disorders are affected. Methods Two partly overlapping groups of 141 and 158 factory employees exposed to sprayed or heated MDI-PUR glue were examined in years 0 and 2, respectively, for occurrence of polymorphisms in five genes (N-acetyltransferase NAT2 and the glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTP1 [codon 105 and 114] and GSTT1) on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction, exposure biomarkers in plasma and urine (P- and U-MDX), by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, specific serum IgG antibodies against MDI (S-IgG-MDI) by means of ELISA, total S-IgE, symptoms in the eyes, nose and lower airways as assessed by questionnaire and interview, and lung function as measured by spirometry. Results Both the GSTP1 105 isoleucine/isoleucine and GSTP1 114 alanine/alanine genotypes showed higher levels of U-MDX than the other genotypes and the GSTP1 114 genotype modified the P-MDX/U-MDX relationship. GSTP1 105 isoleucine/isoleucine was found to be associated with lower levels of S-IgG-MDI and fewer eye symptoms, but with an increased risk of symptoms in the airways, as well as with atopy. Presence of the GSTT1 gene resulted in somewhat lower lung function levels than did the null genotype. A slow NAT2 acetylating capacity was associated with lower P- and U-MDX and S-IgG-MDI levels, and better lung function, but a higher risk of eye and airway symptoms. Analysing the effects of combinations of the different genes provided no further information. Conclusions Although our study has clear limitations, it reveals various effect modifications produced by the GST and NAT2 genotypes. Gene-environment interactions are highly complex. Further research is needed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of them
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