4 research outputs found
Why Men and Women Want to Leave? Turnover Intent Among Public Procurement Officers
- Publication venue
- 'SAGE Publications'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Politics, Bureaucracy, and Employee Retention: Toward an Integrated Framework of Turnover Intent
- Author
- Aberbach J. D.
- Derthick M.
- Durant R. F.
- Durant R. F.
- Durant R. F.
- Golden M. M.
- Guy M. E.
- Heclo H. A.
- Hult K.
- Lewis D. E.
- Lichtblau E.
- Maranto R.
- Mintzberg H.
- Moe T. M. Chubb, J. E. &
- National Commission on the Public Service (Volcker Commission)
- Pfiffner J.
- Seidman H.
- Susannah Bruns Ali
- U.S. Government Accountability Office
- U.S. Government Accountability Office
- Wilson J. Q.
- Wood B. D.
- Publication venue
- 'SAGE Publications'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Building Public Services Through the Nonprofit Sector: Exploring the Risks of Rapid, Government Funded Growth in Human Service Organizations
- Author
- Amir Hefetz
- Amir Hefetz
- Amy S Blackwood
- Anna A Amirkhanyan
- Arthur C Brooks
- Arthur C Brooks
- Arthur C Brooks
- Barbara S Romzek
- Bruce R Kingma
- C Ryan
- Catherine Mcdonald
- Chao Guo
- Chester A Newland
- Curtis D Child
- Cyril F Chang
- D Kettl
- D L Poole
- D Osborne
- D R Bean
- David F Suarez
- Deborah A Carroll
- Elizabeth T Boris
- Elliott D Sclar
- Eva M Witesman
- Eve E Garrow
- G D Bass
- Germa Bel
- Geyskens
- Grace L Chikoto
- H B Milward
- H Frederickson
- H P Tuckman
- Irene Rubin
- J Greenlee
- J Khanna
- J M Berry
- James Andreoni
- James Andreoni
- Jasmine McGinnis
- Jeanne Bell
- Jennifer Alexander
- Jennifer E Mosley
- Jennifer E Mosley
- Jesse D Lecy
- Jocelyn M Johnston
- Jocelyn M Johnston
- John M Trussel
- Julian Wolpert
- K T Wing
- Karen A Froelich
- Katherine O&apos
- Kelly M Leroux
- Kimberley Isett
- Kristen A Gr�nbjerg
- Kun Huang
- L M Salamon
- Laura K Brown
- Lester M Salamon
- Lester M Salamon
- Lester M Salamon
- Lester M Salamon
- Lewis Faulk
- Mark A Hager
- Mark Chaves
- Melissa Stone
- Melissa Stone
- Mildred E Warner
- Nikolic
- Oliver E Williamson
- Oliver E Williamson
- P Uvin
- Peter Frumkin
- Peter M Kettner
- R M Kramer
- Rikki Abzug
- Robert D Behn
- Robert F Durant
- Ronald Randall
- Ruth H Dehoog
- S Ashley
- S R Smith
- Sarah F Liebschutz
- Shena R Ashley
- Steven L Mcmurtry
- Steven R Smith
- Steven Smith
- Sungsook Cho
- Susan M Chambre
- Susannah Bruns Ali
- Thad D Calabrese
- Tomas M Koontz
- Trevor L Brown
- Trevor L Brown
- Trevor L Brown
- Trevor L Brown
- Van Slyke
- Van Slyke
- William Foster
- William Foster
- Woods Bowman
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2013
- Field of study
Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies
- Author
- Aage Christiansen
- Aaradhana Adhikari
- Aaron Venti
- Aayesha Qadeer
- Abdellatif Benslama
- Abigail Beane
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Abul Faiz
- Adam B Schlichting
- Adam Bell Bell
- Adenilton M R Ampinelli
- Aditya Uppalapati
- Adrian Donnelly
- Adriana M Fernandez
- Adrien Robine
- Aftab Akhtar
- Agreta Gecaj-Gashi
- Ahmed Farooq
- Ahmed S Al Jabbary
- Ahmet Dilek
- Ahmet Sukru Denker
- Ai Y Hang
- Aiman Tulaimat
- Akihiro Takaba
- Akinori Uchiyama
- Akira Hirata
- Akm Shamsul Alam
- Akut Aytulun
- Alain Combes
- Alain M Dive
- Alain Mercat
- Alain U Alisasis
- Alan Zazu
- Alastair Rose
- Alberto Deicas
- Alec A Tallet Alfonso
- Alejandro A Saez
- Alejandro Ebeid
- Alejandro G Castro
- Alejandro R Bruhn
- Alek Kumar
- Alessandro Bacuzzi
- Alessandro Protti
- Alessia Mattei
- Alex Mcleod
- Alex Morton
- Alexandra Ceniceros-Barros
- Alexandra J Williams
- Alexandra Marcu
- Alexandra Siqueira Colombo
- Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti
- Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti
- Alexandre Chan
- Alexandre Demoule
- Alexandre Guilherme Ribeiro de Carvalho
- Alexandre Molin
- Alexandre Molin
- Alexey I Gritsan
- Alfons Arizmendi
- Aline Ascoli
- Alison Ghosh
- Alistair Nichol
- Alistair Roy Roy
- Alma Cani
- Alvaro Ramirez-Gutierrez
- Amadeu Martinez
- Amanda Cowton
- Amanda Krstevski
- Amanda Maria R R de Oliveira
- Amanda Skinner
- Amanda Whileman
- Amine Ali Zeggwagh
- Amine Ali Zeggwagh
- Amy McInerney
- Ana Carolina P Antônio
- Ana Carolina Peçanha
- Ana G França
- Ana M Araujo
- Ana M Pellicer
- Anais Briquet
- Anand Dongre
- Anatole Harrois
- Anders Aneman
- Anders Larsson
- Andre Japiassu
- Andre Luiz Baptiston Nunes
- Andre Luiz Baptiston Nunes
- Andre Vercueil
- Andrea Coppadoro
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Andrea Lombardo
- Andrea N Cracchiolo
- Andrea Tinnirello
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Andreas W Reske
- Andrej Sribar
- Andrew Bentley
- Andrew Corner
- Andrew Ferguson
- Andrew J Burtenshaw
- Andrey A Gazenkampf
- André Peretti Torelly
- Angela Delsing
- Angela Pinder
- Aniko D Frigyik
- Anil Hormis
- Anil P Hormis
- Anitha Shenoy
- Anna Hunt
- Anna Oscarsson Tibblin
- Anna Rossi
- Anna T Dowling
- Anna Walker
- Anna-Karin Morin
- Anne Adolfsson
- Anne B Guttormsen
- Annop Piriyapatsom
- Antero do Vale Fernandes
- Antoine Pronovost
- Antonino Giarratano
- Antonio Artigas
- Antonio Braschi
- Antonio Carlos Nogueira
- Antonio G Jimenez
- Antonio Jorge Pereira
- Antonio L Ruiz-Aguilar
- Antonio P Nassar Jr
- Antonio Paulo Nassar Junior
- António M Alvarez
- António M Messias
- Aogan C O'Muircheartaigh
- Areef Ahsan
- Areej Javeed
- Ariel Chena
- Arnaud Follin
- Arshad Taqi
- Arvind K Baronia
- Ary Serpa Neto
- Ashley Schomer
- Ashok S Raj
- Asisclo J Villagomez
- Asisclo Villagomez
- Asma Ben Souissi
- Asma Navasakulpong
- Asoka Gunaratne
- Atta Ur Rehman
- Aurelia M Martinho
- Aylin Seven
- Bao H Zhu
- Barbara Brunettini
- Barbara do Cs Martins
- Barrett T Kitch
- Barry Dixon
- Barry Kennedy
- Basak Ceyda Meco
- Batoul Khoundabi
- Beatriz C Tan
- Behzad Nadjm
- Ben Creagh-Brown
- Bernard Goubaux
- Bernhard Holzgraefe
- Bhagyesh Shah
- Bhuvana Krishna
- Bimal Kudavidanage
- Bin Li
- Bingyu Qin
- Bojan Jovanovic
- Boris G Villamagua
- Brenno Cardoso Gomes
- Brigit L Roberts
- Brit Å Sjøbø
- Bruno Franco Mazza
- Bruno Gelée
- Bruno S Oliveira
- Candelaria De Haro
- Carlo A Volta
- Carlo Alberto Volta
- Carlos A Pellegrini
- Carlos Eduardo Barboza
- Carlos Munhoz
- Carlos S Pereira
- Carly Brown
- Carmen Scott
- Carolina Quintana Grijalba
- Carolina S Insaurralde
- Carolina Serra
- Caroline Berghe
- Caroline C MacFie
- Caroline Wreybrown
- Cassia Righy
- Cassiano Teixeira
- Catalina Forteza
- Catherine Plowright
- Cecilia Carbayo-Gorriz
- Cecilia Hermosa
- Ceri E Battle
- Cesar A Cortez
- Cesar Milstein
- Cesar P Pere
- Chamila Pilimatalawwe
- Charlene Bigot
- Charlene Le Moal
- Charlotte Downes
- Chathurani Sigera
- Chern Min Voon
- Cheryl Padilla-Harris
- Chinni Krishna Kasi
- Chloe Hughes
- Christian C Rylander
- Christian Dellera
- Christian Frey
- Christian M Ramirez-Alfaro
- Christian Schlegel
- Christina Whitehead
- Christine Boyd
- Christine Brown
- Christine Ryan
- Christoph Muench
- Christopher J Scott
- Christopher Nutt
- Christopher Smalley
- Christopher Tainter
- Chunting Wang
- Claine Judy
- Clair Harris
- Claire Kaloo
- Claire Matthews
- Claire Miller
- Claire Pegg
- Claire Reynolds
- Clare Bullock
- Clare Mellis
- Clare Mellis
- Claude Guérin
- Claudia A Ortiz
- Claudia R Estrella
- Claudio H Gonçalves
- Claudio Piras
- Claudio Piras
- Claudio Piras
- Colette Seasman
- Colette Seasman
- Colin K Grissom
- Colin Mcarthur
- Colin S Black
- Cora Lavigne Moreira
- Corcoles G Virgilio
- Corinne Leemann-Refondini
- Cristiane Ritter
- Cristiane Tomasi Damiani
- Cristina M Cox
- Cristina Prata Amendola
- Cristina Santos
- Cristina Santos
- Cédric Daubin
- Daisuke Niimi
- Dale J Yeatts
- Dalton de Souza Barros
- Damien Roux
- Dan E Corneci
- Dan Hadfield
- Dana R Tomescu
- Daniel Aragão
- Daniel Beraldo
- Daniel Collins
- Daniel da Cunha Ribeiro
- Daniel F McAuley
- Daniel Hadfield
- Daniel Hull
- Daniel O Beraldo
- Daniel Prado
- Daniel R Crouch
- Daniel R Gonzalez
- Daniel V Collins
- Daniela Albiero
- Daniela M Palma
- Daniela N Vasquez
- Daniele M Combaux
- Danielle A Fawkes
- Danielle C Fontenele
- Danielle J Hacking
- Danielle Nobrega
- Danielle Reuter
- Danny McAuley
- Dany Goldgran-Toledano
- Dat Vu Quoc
- Davi Cristovao
- David D Llinares Moya
- David Pogson
- David Rogerson
- David Shaw
- David W Wrathall
- Davide D'Antini
- Dawn Trodd
- Debabrata Banik
- Debbie Weller
- Deborah M Inskip
- Deborah Smith
- Deborah Wilson
- Deeban Ganesan
- Demet Aydin
- Denis Doyen
- Denise Donaldson
- Denise Griffin
- Dharshinie Dorasamy
- Diego Pastor Marcos
- Dimitrios Matamis
- Dina Gomaa
- Dina Gomaa
- Dina Ismail
- Dk Maizatul Aiman B Pg Hj Ismail
- Donald A Irvine
- Donall O'Croinin
- Donatella Mestria
- Dora Mannarino
- Dorel Sandesc
- Dorothy M Breen
- Dorothée Carpentier
- Dulce M Dector
- Dyanne Moysés Dalcomune
- Dácil Parrilla Toribio
- Ed Bajwa
- Eddy Fan
- Edel A Meaney
- Edgardo E Tabhan
- Edgardo Nuñez
- Edgardo Tabhan
- Edison Moraes
- Eduardo Beck
- Eduardo Di Lauro
- Eduardo F Labarca
- Eimhin S Dunne
- Eizo Watanabe
- Elaine Ferreira
- Eldar Søreide
- Electra E Stamou
- Elena Frati
- Elena Gallego Curto
- Elena Perez Losada
- Eleni K Mouloudi
- Eleni V Massa
- Eliana Bernadete Caser
- Eliane Bernadete Caser
- Elie H Zogheib
- Eliezer Silva
- Elisa Estenssoro
- Elisa Seghelini
- Elisabetta Pecci
- Elise P Sauvadet
- Ellada V Kiourtzieva
- Elton Afonso Lopes
- Emanuel Cirstea
- Emilio M Osman
- Emma L Willett
- Emre Erbabacan
- Enrique A Piacentini
- Enrique Cereijo
- Eoin Young
- Erika E Borotto
- Erin Nishikawa
- Erna Alberts
- Esther Bermejo Lopez
- Esther Diaz-Rodriguez
- Ettore R Vascotto
- Eva O Nagy
- Evangelos Kalaitzis
- Evelin Drociunas Pacheco
- Evgeny Grigoriev
- Evren Senturk
- Ewan C Goligher
- Fa C Zhou
- Fabien Grelon
- Fabienne D Simonis
- Fabienne D Simonis
- Fabio Tarantino
- Fabrice Daviaud
- Fahd Amir
- Fan Zhang
- Farah Idrees
- Farooq Brohi
- Farshad Heidari
- Fatma Ulger
- Fayez M Kheir
- Feda Kahveci
- Federico Gordo
- Fekri Abroug
- Felipe A Aliaga
- Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Felipe Saddy
- Felipe T Martinez
- Ferdinando Raimondi
- Fernanda Eugênia Fernandes
- Fernando Borges Rodriguez
- Fernando G George
- Fernando José da Silva Ramos
- Fernando Rios
- Ferran Roche-Campo
- Filipa M Barros
- Finn H Andersen
- Flavia A Loiacono
- Flavia Ribeiro Machado
- Francesco L Santoli
- Francesco Mojoli
- Francesco Raponi
- Francis Schneider
- Francisca G Cazorla-Barranquero
- Francisco Esteve
- Francisco Javier Flores Mejia
- Francisco P Huerta
- Francisco Soriano
- Francois Beloncle
- Frank Stansil
- Frank Van Haren
- Frank Van Haren
- Frantz Berkelmans
- Frederico Bruzzi Carvalho
- Fredrik Schiöler
- Fredy A Montes Oscanoa
- Fredy S Lora
- Fumihito Ito
- Fábio Poianas Giannini
- Gabriel Démpaire
- Gabriele Sales
- Gabrielle C Hanlon
- Gaetan Béduneau
- Galen Henderson
- Garcia M Elisabet
- Gareth P Sellors
- Gary H Mills
- Gautier Buzancais
- Gayle Clifford
- Ged Dempsey
- Gemma Rialp
- Gerard Curley
- Ghaleb Almekhlafi
- Ghanem M Mustafa
- Ghassan Kamel
- Giacomo Bellani
- Giacomo Monti
- Gianluca Zani
- Giannis A Zacharas
- Gilda Cinnella
- Giorgio A Iotti
- Giovana Colozza Mecatti
- Giovanna Occhipinti
- Giovanna Panarello
- Giulia Crapelli
- Giuseppe Foti
- Giuseppe Melchionda
- Gonzalo Navarro
- Greet Hermans
- Guilherme Schettino
- Guillaume Barberet
- Guillaume Carteaux
- Guillermo Bugedo
- Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Gulay Eren
- Gustavo A Plotnikow
- Gustavo Affonso de Oliveira
- Gustavo M Montanha
- Gustavo Pittini
- Guy M Francois
- Gyan Kayashta
- Gyorgy Frendl
- Güldem Turan
- Ha Nguyen Thi Thanh
- Haibo Qiu
- Haibo Qiu
- Haitao Liu
- Hamidreza Jamaati
- Hanane Ezzouine
- Hannah Crowther
- Hans Kedelv
- Hans-Bernd F Hopf
- Hasan M Al Dorzi
- Hazel Spencer
- Heather Blaylock
- Hector H Leon Yoshido
- Heera L Mahto
- Heidi Dawson
- Hektor Sula
- Helen E Ellis
- Helen Green Green
- Helen J Rodgers
- Helen Robertson
- Helen Rodgers
- Helen S Wong
- Helen Talbot
- Helen Wong
- Helena Barcraft-Barnes
- Helga Ceunen
- Helga Ceunen
- Hellen M Van Wezel
- Henrik Appelberg
- Henrik Reschreiter
- Henrik Reschreiter
- Hermann Wrigge
- Hermann Wrigge
- Hernan Aguirre-Bermeo
- Hernan Gianinetto
- Herve Dupont
- Herve Lebbinck
- Hervé O Zender
- Hicham Balkhi
- Hiroki N Maeyama
- Hiroshi Imai
- Hiroyasu Kimura
- Hiroyuki Honda
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Hitesh Batra
- Hua X Wang
- Huanzhang Shao
- Hui Han
- Huiying Zhao
- Hulya Ulusoy
- Huseyin Toman
- Hélder Konrad de Melo
- Iain McCullagh
- Ian White
- Ichiko Mizuguchi
- Ilaria Pattarino
- Ilkay Ceylan
- Imed Chouchene
- Imo Aisiku
- Ingeborg D Welters
- Ingeborg Welters
- Ingela Nygren
- Ingrid van den Hul
- Iqbal Memon
- Irene M Bailey
- Isabel M Serra
- Isabela Ambrósio Gava
- Isabelle Reed
- Isil Kose
- Islem Ouanes
- Israel Maia
- Istvan Kajtor
- Jack R Richecoeur
- Jack Steinberg
- Jacob S Yumha
- Jacques Duranteau
- Jade M Cole
- Jaime E Solis-Quesada
- Jakob Gjedsted
- James Limb
- Jan Máca
- Jan Máca
- Janaki Arumoli
- Jane Adderly
- Jane Hunt
- Jane Martin
- Jane Montgomery
- Jane Snell
- Janet S Aguirre
- Jarone Lee
- Jason E Cohen
- Javier Alvarez
- Javier Blanco
- Javier E Salas
- Javier G Alonso
- Javier Hurtado
- Javier Hurtado
- Javier Hurtado
- Jean Dellamonica
- Jean Salgado
- Jean-Daniel Chiche
- Jean-Etienne Herbrecht
- Jean-Michel Arnal
- Jean-Philippe Rigaud
- Jennene J Miller
- Jennifer C Goodson
- Jenny Knoll
- Jenny Ritzema
- Jens Kraßler
- Jeremy Bewley
- Jeremy R Beitler
- Jeroen A Schouten
- Jerome Biehler
- Jessica Warren
- Jesús Sánchez-Ballesteros
- Jian Liu
- Jignesh Shah
- Jing Kong
- Jing L Liu
- Joan M Lynch
- Joana M Estilita
- Joanna Wessbergh
- Joanne B Robles
- Joanne Howe
- Johan Decruyenaere
- Johan Helleberg
- Johanna E Citalán
- Johanna Mouland
- Johanna Stickley
- Johannes Mellinghoff Mellinghoff
- John C Adams
- John Criswell
- John Knighton
- John Laffey
- John Neal
- John O Shinn Iii
- Jon Bramall
- Jon H Laake
- Jon Henrik Laake
- Jon P Careless
- Jonas I Rosa
- Jonas Nielsen
- Jonas Nielsen
- Jonathan Casement
- Jonathan Chelly
- Jonathan Cooper
- Jonathan Harrison
- Jonathan M Fierro
- Jonathan Messika
- Jonathan Paddle
- Jordana S Lemus
- Jordi Mancebo
- Jorge Luis Ranero
- Jorge M Monteiro
- Jorge R Sanchez-Medina
- Jorge Salluh
- Joris Vermassen
- Jose A Lorente
- Jose Augusto Santos Pellegrini
- Jose Emmanuel Palo
- Joseph Needleman
- Josette Gally
- Josè Aires Neto
- José Carlos Fernandez Versiani Dos Anjos
- Juan A Buensuseso
- Juan Alfonso Soler
- Juan B López-Messa
- Juan C Lopez-Delgado
- Juan Carlos J Sotillo Diaz
- Juan I Silesky Jimenez
- Juan Silesky
- Juanhong Shen
- Julian Giles
- Juliana Baroni Fernandes
- Juliana Carvalho Ferreira
- Juliano Pinheiro de Almeida
- Julie Camsooksai
- Julie Camsooksai
- Julie Furneval Furneval
- Julie Toms
- Julien Marin
- Julio C Badie
- Julio Daldin
- Julius H Cranshaw
- Jun Zhao
- Junping Qin
- Juçara Gasparetto Maccari
- Kai Chen
- Kai D Zacharowski
- Kanishka Indraratna
- Kanokkarn Juntaping
- Kansuke Koyama
- Karen Burt
- Karen E Williams
- Karen Simeson
- Karen Williams
- Karin E Eriksson
- Karina Jakubowska
- Karjbundid Surasit
- Karl Blenk
- Karl M Knapman
- Karla Loureiro Meira
- Kate Turner
- Katharina C Riss
- Katie H Mccalman
- Katie Lynch
- Katie Sweet
- Katsunori Mochizuki
- Kaushik Bhowmick
- Kaushila Thilakasiri
- Kaweesak Chittawatanarat
- Kazuya Ichikado
- Kazuyoshi Shimizu
- Keiko Ueno
- Keith D Lamb
- Keith Hugill
- Kelly Matthews
- Ken Parhar
- Kenichi Nitta
- Kesharie De Silva
- Kessia Ruas
- Kevin Clarkson
- Kevin Clarkson
- Kevin P Clarkson
- Khalid A Maghrabi
- Kim Andre L Noremark
- Kim S Zantua
- Kinh Nguyen Van
- Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Kobus Preller
- Kohei Kusumoto
- Kohkichi Andoh
- Koji Saito
- Kong Y Liew
- Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Kristen Joyce
- Kumudini Ranatunge
- Kyle G Davies
- Kyle R Dreyer
- Kyoko Shiozaki
- Lakshman Dissanayake
- Lars Hedlund
- Lars M Broman
- Latha Srinivasa
- Laura Alvarez Montero
- Laura Claverias
- Laura Ortiz-Ruiz
- Laura Ortiz-Ruiz De Gordoa
- Laura Youds
- Laurence Dangers
- Laurent Papazian
- Leanlove Navarra
- Leda Floris
- Lee Tbaily
- Leo M Heunks
- Leo M Heunks
- Leonardo de Assis Simões
- Leticia Seoane-Quiroga
- Li Ling Tai
- Lia McNamee
- Lia McNamee
- Liangyan Jiang
- Lilian Batista Nunes
- Lilian Tanaka
- Linda Twohey
- Ling Liu
- Linnea Persson
- Lisa Barrell
- Lisa Grimmer
- Lisandro R Bettini
- Lise Piquilloud
- Lise Piquilloud
- Livia Leal
- Lokman Soyoral
- Long L Ling
- Loranthi Samarasinghe
- Lordian Nunci
- Loredana Baboi
- Lorenzo Peluso
- Lorenzo Schiavoni
- Lorna Murray Murray
- Lorraine Stephenson
- Lotta Niska
- Louise Aline Romão Gondim
- Louise Thwaites
- Louise Tonks
- Lousie Fasting Fasting
- Luana Tannous
- Luc DeCrop
- Luca Brazzi
- Luca Brazzi
- Luca M Montini
- Lucas Oliveira
- Lucia L Rodriguez
- Lucia Mirabella
- Luciana Coelho Sanches
- Luciano C Azevedo
- Luciano Cesar Azevedo
- Lucy Cooper
- Ludhmila Hajjar
- Luis A Sanchez-Hurtado
- Luis D Vega
- Luis E Avila
- Luis Fernando Falcão
- Luis Herrera Para
- Luis J Yuste
- Luis M Claraco-Vega
- Luis Marcelo Malbouisson
- Luis P Cardonnet
- Luiz Antonio Gomes Osorio
- Lynette Newby
- Lynn Everett
- Lívia Mariane Castelo Branco Reis
- Ma X Hua
- Madiha Hashmi
- Mageswaran Sivashanmugave
- Mahazir Kassim
- Maja Surbatovic
- Majid Malekmohammad
- Malcolm Sim
- Malcolm Watters
- Mandeep Jassal
- Mandy Carnahan
- Manoel Leitão Neto
- Manoj Edirisooriya
- Manori Vaas
- Manuel A González Rojas
- Manuel Jibaja
- Manuel P Perez
- Manuel Poblano
- Manuel Todeschini
- Marc Bourgeois
- Marc P Buise
- Marcelo de Oliveira Maia
- Marcelo E Lugarinho
- Marcelo Luz Pereira Romano
- Marcelo Luz Pereira Romano
- Marcelo Moock
- Marcelo Park
- Marcio Soares
- Marco Botteri
- Marco Botteri
- Marco G Bezzi
- Marcos F Vidal Melo
- Marcos Freitas Knibel
- Marcos Gonzalez
- Marcos Ibañez-Santacruz
- Marcus J Schultz
- Maria C Marin
- Maria C Pintado
- Maria Del Carmen Lorente
- Maria Eduarda Tavares
- Maria Faulkner
- Maria J Bouw
- Maria Jose D Artiga
- Mariano Carboni Bisso
- Mariano G Setten
- Marie Fernando
- Marijana Krkusek
- Marina A Oikonomou
- Marina Bahl
- Marius Papurica
- Mark Holliday
- Mark J Smith
- Mark Kol
- Mark Pulletz
- Mark R Kol
- Marlus M Thompson
- Marta Kozlowski
- Martin Dres
- Martin M May
- Mary Elmasri
- María C Imperio
- María G Saenz
- Masayo Izawa
- Massimo M Antonelli
- Matea Bogdanovic Dvorscak
- Mathew B Bailey
- Matias Brizuela
- Matija Jurjevic
- Matt P Wise
- Matteo Parotto
- Matteo Pozzi
- Matthew G Oldroyd
- Matty Koopmans
- Maura Goncalves Pereira Kehdi
- Mauricio Morales
- Mauricio Vinzio
- Maurizio Fusari
- Mavy Ramirez Cervantes
- Maximilian Schaefer
- Maziar Mobasher
- Mehvish Ismail
- Meisy Perez Cheng
- Melinda Brazier
- Menekse Ozcelik
- Meredith Harris
- Merete S Dolva
- Messabi Boukhazna
- Metaxia N Papanikolaou
- Michael Devile
- Michael J Lanspa
- Michael Kalkoff
- Michael Kuiper
- Michael N Dean
- Michael Parris
- Michael Schuetz
- Michael Sharman
- Michela M Poli
- Michela N Vitale
- Michele Umbrello
- Micheli Ponte
- Michitaka Nasu
- Miguel Angel Blasco Navalpotro
- Miguel Llano
- Milan Kratochvil
- Milic Veljovic
- Mina Elkhayari
- Mirella Cristine de Oliveira
- Miriam Namih
- Miryam Prieto-González
- Mohamad Fadhil Hadi Jamaluddin
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- Visanthi Pinto
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- Vlasta Klaric
- Wahid Altaf
- Wajdi Maazouzi
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- Weihua Lu
- Wenkui Yu
- Wenwen Li
- Werner Schmid
- William Stigler
- Xavier Wittebole
- Xian Y Zhao
- Xiao B Huang
- Xiao L Li
- Xiaoming Luo
- Xing Y Zhang
- Xinyu Li
- Y A Hasitha Dilhani
- Ya Q Wu
- Yaasen Arabi
- Yan Gao
- Yaseen M Arabi
- Yasuaki Ogino
- Yavuz Orak
- Yen Lam Minh
- Yi Han
- Yimin Li
- Yonghao Xu
- Yoshihiro Yamaji
- Yoshinobu Kameyama
- Youssef Haddad
- Youzhong An
- Yozo Kashiwa
- Yu D Di
- Yuan N Gao
- Yuan Y Li
- Yuanhua Lu
- Yves D Jarquin-Badiola
- Zerrin Demirtürk
- Zhe Zhai
- Zheng L Ye
- Zhenyang He
- Zhou Li-Xin
- Álvaro Réa-Neto
- Ángela Algaba
- Ángela González-Salamanca
- Çiler Zincircioglu
- Érica Aranha Suzumura
- Ênio Rego
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies.
Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality.
Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001).
Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status