The Role of Business in the Empowerment of Women in Developing Countries

The topic of this management project is the role of business in the empowerment of women in developing countries. Through the scoping of business initiatives to empower women in developing countries among UK and USA companies signatories of the UN Global Compact, the aim was to answer the question on what business initiatives are under way to empower women in developing countries among these companies. Moreover, through interviews with a few of these companies, the aim was to extract some lessons learned and steps for the future so as to provide practical guidance for companies seeking to run initiatives to empower women in developing countries. 60 within 416 companies were found to be running initiatives to empower women in developing countries. These initiatives were categorised according to their area of intervention: workplace, marketplace and community. Within the community, initiatives are spread among areas such as education, health, support to women’s organisations, and advocacy for women’s issues. The main motive for selecting women’s empowerment in developing countries as the focus for the initiatives is giving back to the community. The initiatives are mainly run in partnership with either local or global organisations. From the findings and their implications, further research on the topics of motives and models of partnership regarding business initiatives to empower women in developing countries is suggested. In addition, business universes beyond UK and USA companies signatories of the UN Global Compact are advanced as further options to gain a wider understanding on the topic of business role in the empowerment of women in developing countries

A pobreza e as estratégias para a sua redução: o caso da "comunidade solidária" no Brasil.

MESTRADO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONALA pobreza constitui-se como um dos mais graves problemas mundiais no início do novo milénio. Como tal, o objectivo deste trabalho é uma análise do problema da pobreza e das suas possíveis soluções no mundo de hoje, tendo como estudo de caso o Brasil. É com este objectivo em mente que, numa primeira parte, se aborda o tema da pobreza e da luta contra a pobreza a nível global, remetendo quer para a questão da conceptualização e operacionalização do fenómeno da pobreza, quer para a questão da pobreza e da luta contra a pobreza no mundo; e que, numa segunda parte, se aborda o mesmo tema mas ac nível específico do Brasil, remetendo quer para a questão da pobreza como fenómeno de grandes proporções num país que constitui actualmente a oitava maior economia do mundo, quer para a questão da luta contra a pobreza num país que se constitui como uma espécie de "laboratório" de experiências de luta contra a pobreza, na forma daquela que mais se aproxima de uma estratégia nacional de redução da pobreza, a estratégia Comunidade Solidária. Por último, tenta-se extrair algumas lições do caso específico da luta contra a pobreza no Brasil para a luta contra a pobreza a nível global.At the beginning of the new millennium poverty still constitutes one of the world's most serious problems. This work aims to analyze the problem of poverty and its possible solutions in the world of today, with Brazil as a case study. In the first part of the work, we deal with the subjects of poverty and the ways of fighting it at a global levei, focusing both on the matter of the conceptualisation and operationalization of the phenomenon of poverty, and on the matter of poverty and of the fight against poverty in the world. In the second part, we deal with the same subjects in the specific case of Brazil, focusing both on the matter of poverty as a large scale phenomenon in a country that is the 8lh biggest economy in the world, and on the matter of the fight against poverty in a country that has been a sort of "laboratory" for experiences such as the Comunidade Solidária strategy, which is the one that comes closer to being a national strategy for poverty reduction and on which we chose therefore to concentrate our attention. Finally, we attempt to draw some lessons from the specific case of Brazil with relevance to the fight against poverty at a global levei.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O tráfico de migrantes em Portugal : perspectivas sociológicas, jurídicas e políticas

Neste livro serão descritos os principais resultados científicos do projecto “O Tráfico de Migrantes em Portugal: Perspectivas Sociológicas, Jurídicas e Políticas” (Projecto IME/SOC/49841/2003), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) e Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e Minorias Étnicas (ACIME), que decorreu durante o ano de 2004. Este projecto incidiu sobre uma área que não tem sido objecto de tratamento sistemático em Portugal. Nos termos do concurso de financiamento, as principais realidades sob observação foram o tráfico de mão-de-obra, o tráfico de mulheres e o tráfico de crianças. A perspectiva utilizada foi a da imigração de cidadãos estrangeiros, não tendo sido objecto de estudo outros movimentos, nomeadamente os que envolvem a saída de portugueses. A apresentação dos resultados seguirá uma lógica semelhante à das actividades de pesquisa realizadas. Em primeiro lugar, será apresentado um levantamento dos principais conceitos, teorias e estudos empíricos nesta área. Serão revistos os principais contributos disponíveis para a compreensão do tráfico de mão-de-obra, tráfico de mulheres envolvidas em redes de exploração sexual e tráfico de crianças no mundo contemporâneo, a par de algumas recomendações políticas. Serão privilegiadas as referências internacionais, uma vez que o tema não foi ainda objecto de estudo sistemático em Portugal. Em segundo lugar, será apresentado o enquadramento legislativo sobre o tráfico actualmente existente, tanto a nível nacional, como comunitário (União Europeia) e internacional. Em terceiro lugar, serão revelados os resultados de uma análise de imprensa ao tema do tráfico em Portugal. O facto de o fenómeno ser recente e ter sido objecto de escasso tratamento científico torna crucial a revisão do contributo dos meios de comunicação socialinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of patients on sertindole treatment after failure of other antipsychotics: A retrospective analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Use of the atypical antipsychotic sertindole was suspended for four years due to safety concerns. During the suspension, the regulatory authorities required further studies, including this one, to be conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine if a subset of patients with psychotic illness exists which particularly benefits from sertindole treatment after failure of other antipsychotic drugs, including atypical antipsychotics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a retrospective single-arm observational crossover study of 344 patients, who served as their own controls. Patients mainly from the Sertindole Safety Study who had shown good response to sertindole, and who had followed up to four alternating six month periods of treatment with sertindole and other antipsychotics, were included. (In Period 1 patients took non-sertindole treatment, in Period 2, sertindole was taken, in Period 3, patients reverted to non-sertindole treatment, and in Period 4, sertindole was taken again.) Patient records for each period of treatment were assessed for objective data: number and duration of hospitalizations due to worsening of psychotic symptoms; the amount of self-harming behaviour; indicators of social status. Retrospective evaluation of changes in clinical symptoms from the patients' records was also conducted. Dates and reasons for stopping and/or switching medication were also recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was improvement in all objective measured parameters during the periods of sertindole treatment. In particular, the average number of hospitalizations per year due to worsening of psychotic symptoms was reduced in the following way in the group studied over four treatment periods: Period 1 (non-sertindole treatment) 3.4; Period 2 (sertindole treatment) 1.0; Period 3 (non-sertindole treatment) 2.0; Period 4 (sertindole treatment) 1.8. The duration of hospitalizations also decreased significantly during the periods of sertindole treatment. Results showed that patients improved in objective social parameters when switched to sertindole treatment; assessment of the patients' affective lives showed a significant increase in the number of patients having a stable relationship during sertindole treatment; and assessment of the number of patients employed showed an increase after the first and second switch to sertindole treatment (from Period 1 to Period 2 and from Period 3 to Period 4, respectively).</p> <p>Adverse events and lack of efficacy were the main reasons for switching to sertindole.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A group of patients benefited from sertindole after other antipsychotic treatments, including that with atypical antipsychotics, had failed. Further studies are needed to investigate if there is a specific patient profile that corresponds to these responders.</p

Interactions lake-atmosphere: The ALEX 2014 field campaign and numerical simulations

The ALqueva hydro-meteorological EXperiment, ALEX 2014, was an integrated field campaign with measurements of chemical, physical and biological parameters in water and air at different experimental sites in the region of the Alqueva reservoir, a 250 km2 man made lake, in the southeast of Portugal. The Field campaign took place from June 1 to September 30, 2014 and comprises an Intensive Observation Period (IOP) of three days (22 to 24 July). During the four months, the over water fluxes of momentum, heat and mass (H2O and CO2) were obtained with an integrated Open-Path CO2 /H2O Gas Analyser and 3D Sonic Anemometer, mounted on a floating platform, where radiative fluxes were also measured, as well as the water temperature profile. Eight near surface weather stations were operating in the area and air quality, atmospheric electrical field (Potential Gradient) and radon (222Rn) concentration were continuous monitored. Along this period, in situ measurements, water samples and biological elements were monthly collected from three fixed platforms placed in the lacustrine zone and from selected sites in the margins. During the IOP, radiosondes were launched every tree hours, allowing a characterization of the atmospheric boundary layer and its evolution. In 10 occasions Geigersondes were coupled to the radiosondes in order to obtain the atmospheric ionization profile. The boundary layer was characterized with a Ceilometer and the vertical distribution of O3 and NO2 were obtained from a Spectrometer. A GPS network of 15 GNSS stations was installed in order to map the water vapour. The sky brightnesson the nights of July 24 and 25, was measured using a Sky Quality Meter. The lake-atmosphere interactions and its impact in the boundary layer structure and in the local circulations are studied using data collected during the ALEX 2014 POI together with results from numerical simulations performed with the non-hydrostatic Meso-NH french model

The Role of Business in the Empowerment of Women in Developing Countries

The topic of this management project is the role of business in the empowerment of women in developing countries. Through the scoping of business initiatives to empower women in developing countries among UK and USA companies signatories of the UN Global Compact, the aim was to answer the question on what business initiatives are under way to empower women in developing countries among these companies. Moreover, through interviews with a few of these companies, the aim was to extract some lessons learned and steps for the future so as to provide practical guidance for companies seeking to run initiatives to empower women in developing countries. 60 within 416 companies were found to be running initiatives to empower women in developing countries. These initiatives were categorised according to their area of intervention: workplace, marketplace and community. Within the community, initiatives are spread among areas such as education, health, support to women’s organisations, and advocacy for women’s issues. The main motive for selecting women’s empowerment in developing countries as the focus for the initiatives is giving back to the community. The initiatives are mainly run in partnership with either local or global organisations. From the findings and their implications, further research on the topics of motives and models of partnership regarding business initiatives to empower women in developing countries is suggested. In addition, business universes beyond UK and USA companies signatories of the UN Global Compact are advanced as further options to gain a wider understanding on the topic of business role in the empowerment of women in developing countries

Réorientation des médicaments et accès au marché : conditions et déterminants des prix, remboursement et accès des médicaments reformulés et repositionnés aux États-Unis et en Europe

Le développement de novo de médicaments est un processus long et coûteux. De plus en plus, les développeurs de médicaments cherchent à mettre en oeuvre des stratégies rentables et à moindre risque pour le développement de produits pharmaceutiques. Le processus de trouver de nouveaux usages pour des médicaments existants en dehors de l'indication initiale pour laquelle ils ont été initialement approuvé est couramment désigné comme « repositionnement », « réorientation » ou « reprofilage ». Le développement de formulations différentes pour un même médicament pharmaceutique est communément désigné comme « reformulation » et le processus de trouver une autre utilisation thérapeutique d'un médicament déjà connu est dénommé « repositionnement ». Ces deux stratégies sont devenues un courant dominant dans le développement des médicaments. Les principaux objectifs de la recherche menée dans cette thèse sont de parvenir à proposer une nomenclature et la taxonomie solide et valable pour l'identification et la classification des stratégies de « repurposing » de médicaments ; évaluer les voies de régulation de stratégies de repositionnement et de reformulation, par types de stratégies et dans les 2 régions géographiques étudiées ; et déterminer les paramètres qui ont un impact sur la probabilité d'un résultat positif sur le prix, le remboursement et l'accès au marché vis-à-vis des conditions accordées pour le médicament original dans les deux régions géographiques dans l'étudeDe novo drug development is a costly and lengthy process. As a result of such market forces, drug developers are increasingly striving to find cost effective and reduced-risk strategies for developing drug products and to protect existing products from competition, as well as to extend their patent protection time. The process of finding new uses for existing drugs outside the scope of the original indication for which they were initially approved is variously referred as repositioning, redirecting, repurposing, or reprofiling. The development of different formulations for a same pharmaceutical drug is commonly designated as “reformulation” and the process of finding a new therapeutic use for an already known drug is referred to as “repositioning”. Both strategies have become a mainstream in drug development. The main objectives of the research conducted in this thesis are to propose a robust and valid nomenclature and taxonomy for identification and classification of drug repurposing strategies, to evaluate which regulatory pathways and trends are taken by drug repositioning and reformulation, by repurposed types and within the Europe and the US and determine which parameters have the most and least impact on the probability of a successful outcome on pricing, reimbursement and market access in repurposing vis-à-vis the conditions granted for the original dru

Evaluation of patients on sertindole treatment after failure of other antipsychotics: A retrospective analysis-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Evaluation of patients on sertindole treatment after failure of other antipsychotics: A retrospective analysis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/8/16</p><p>BMC Psychiatry 2008;8():16-16.</p><p>Published online 14 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2358897.</p><p></p

IMIS-Beiträge Heft 25 - Special Issue: Organisational Recruitment and Patterns of Migration. Interdependencies in an Integrating Europe

Baganha/Entzinger: The Political Economy of Migration in an Integrating Europe Lavenex: Towards an International Framework for Labour Mobility" Guild: The Legal Framework of EU Migration Baganha: Taxation, Social Benefits and Migration Dobson/Salt: Review of Migration Statistics Bommes: A Note on PEMINT Methodology Kolb/Murteira et al.: Recruitment and Migration in the ICT Sector Balch/Fellini et al.: The Political Economy of Labour Migration in the European Construction Sector den Adel/Blauw et al.: Recruitment and the Migration of Foreign Workers in Health and Social Care Geddes/Koch et al.: The Impact of Organised Interests on Migration Processes from a Cross-national and Cross-sectoral Perspective Bommes/Geddes: Conclusio